... oversecretion. Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH/corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) production is a disease of adult men, while most patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome related to a pituitary tumor are women of reproductive age. In children under the age of 7 years, an adrenal cortical neoplasm...

... adrenal angioma for every 10,000 autopsy protocols accessioned between 1943 and 1958 (frequency of 0.01 percent) ( 25 ). The patients are usually in the 3rd to the 8th decades of life, and most are women. Only rarely do patients present with symptoms related to a mass effect by the adrenal tumor...

... adrenal cortical tumors are exceptional in that setting ( 21 ). Virilization is the most frequent hormonal manifestation of functioning adrenal adenomas in the pediatric age ( 22 ), but is exceptional in postmenopausal women ( 23 ). Nonfunctioning Adenoma The clinical diagnosis of nonfunctioning adenoma...

... or survival ( 4 ). In adults, the adrenal cortex provides about 1 percent of biologically important androgens in men (most are of testicular origin), and roughly half of all androgens in women ( 11 ). Steroid biosynthesis in the adrenal gland is regulated predominantly by pituitary-derived adrenocorticotropic...

... in women, and renal cell carcinoma ( 49 , 67 ), giving rise to the noneponymic term hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC). Patients with this disorder have a higher than expected incidence of adrenal and extra-adrenal paragangliomas ( 7 ). There is little documented about...

... the last four decades. This is in accordance with a population-based study from the Netherlands, which reported an incidence of 1 case per million ( 3 ). Like other adrenal diseases, ACC is more frequent in females than males ( 4 ). The female to male ratio ranges from 1.5–2.5 to 1.0; women have a higher...

... infections globally in individuals aged 15 to 49 years, with a prevalence of 5.3 percent in women worldwide ( 2 ). Some estimates put the global annual incidence at almost double, however, with almost 90 percent of infections occurring in people living in resource-limited settings ( 3 ). This is because many...

... screening and treatment of high-risk populations, such as MSM and those with HIV infection, should be undertaken. Screening is also recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for all pregnant women at their first prenatal visit in order to decrease vertical transmission ( 3 , 4 ). Long-acting...

... ( 40 ). From 2011 to 2015, about 43,400 new cases of HPV-associated cancers occurred in the United States. In 2015, approximately 24,400 were in women and 19,000 in men ( 41 ). Of all HPV-attributable cancers, the most frequently involved sites in women are the cervix (49 percent), anus (18 percent...

... disease. Pregnant women are more prone to invasive listeriosis due to their decreased intestinal motility and depressed cell-mediated immunity. Late-onset listeriosis in the newborn is due to passage through the birth canal of a mother who is a carrier of L. monocytogenes. Figure 11-1 presents...

... of 10 to 20 percent, although this can approach 50 percent in pregnant women. Mortality is also increased in children under 5 years of age and those with comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). At a clinical level, the nonspecific...

... PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION The characteristic cutaneous erythema of “slapped cheek disease” is seen in a child. (Courtesy of the CDC PHIL) If the acute infection occurs in adults (particularly women), it can be associated with myalgia and arthralgia (polyarthropathy syndrome) ( 2 ). The latter association has...

... the gums, and blood in the stool. Renal and hepatic failure develop later in the disease, which may also demonstrate clinical features of meningoencephalitis (such as convulsions, confusion, and delirium). Pregnant women have an increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirth, as well as a high mortality rate...

... in women and children, as they consumed the brain while men mainly consumed other body parts Average incubation period is 10-13 years, although up to 50 years has been described Variant CJD ^a A CJD outbreak in the United Kingdom was documented in 1996, although the first cases may have...

...), coinfection with other pathogens, particularly cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, is frequently seen ( 11 ). Vaginal infection typically manifests in women treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, as well as diabetics and pregnant patients. Vaginal erythema, edema, burning and itching...

... as a second-line agent. Amphotericin B may be considered for disseminated disease and infections in pregnant women ( 1 , 4 ). EUMYCETOMA General Considerations, Including Etiology and Synonyms Eumycetoma is a localized, disfiguring, tumor-like chronic fungal infection of skin and subcutaneous...

... and cows from foraging for food and raising them in clean environments, as well as vaccinating sheep against Toxoplasma. Preventive measures are particularly important during pregnancy and some countries have instituted serologic screening programs for pregnant women, in an effort to treat...

... and peripneumony” and documented a high mortality rate in pregnant women; the Russian flu (1889-1894) is considered the first influenza pandemic of the industrial era, although debate still exists about the true causal pathogen (influenza versus coronavirus) 1901 Discovery Unknown Centanni and Savunzzi...

... syndrome is more frequent in women with infection during the first trimester and is independent of the severity of maternal symptoms. Children born to women with ZIKV infection during pregnancy, who have no apparent abnormalities at birth, may present later with variable degrees of developmental delay...

... with T-cell suppression such as patients with organ transplants and those with HIV infection, as well as women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Although even a single arthroconidium is capable of causing disease, the higher the inhaled arthroconidial dose by the host, the greater the risk of severe...