Search Results for uncertain

... cortical adenomas without evidence of excess steroid secretion ( 30 ). In both homozygous and heterozygous CAH patients, tumors range from 0.5 cm to 5.0 cm in diameter. It is uncertain whether these lesions represent a true cortical neoplasm that was not hyperfunctional, or a dominant macronodule arising...

...-established immunohistochemical protocols, loss of protein expression can validate the significance of a molecular variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Pathology is also important in determining whether a second type of tumor in a patient with a pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma is actually part...

... but the mechanisms are still uncertain; nodularity may be a reflection of irregular growth or focal degeneration in a chronically stimulated gland ( fig. 3-12 ). However, because of the common occurrence of incidental adrenal cortical nodules, the presence of nodules may simply be evidence of underlying unrelated...

... classification and pathology staging. Biomedicines 2021;9:175. Oncocytic ACC. Among oncocytic adrenal cortical neoplasms, oncocytic ACC represents 24 percent of cases, with an additional 41 percent of uncertain malignant potential ( 137 ). The age of onset of this variant is similar to conventional ACC...

... lymphomas represent less than 1 percent of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and less than 3 percent of all extranodal lymphomas ( 70 ). In some cases, adrenal involvement is accompanied or followed by more widespread disease, and the categorization as primary versus metastasis is uncertain even with strict exclusion...

... COVID-19 mRNA vaccines cause myocarditis is currently uncertain. Parvovirus B19 infects endothelial cells releasing proinflammatory cytokines, which likely damage cardiomyocytes. Influenza virus activates self-reactive T cells, which cause cardiomyocyte damage through molecular mimicry of viral...

... lymphoproliferative disease and chronic active EBV disease. EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMT) are rare myoid proliferations of uncertain biologic behavior. They often show prominent associated T-cell infiltration and are typically seen against a backdrop of immune suppression...

..., and Curvularia spp, although the mechanism by which these fungi elicit the eosinophilia and allergic response is still uncertain. Cladophialophora bantiana, on the other hand, can infect immunocompetent individuals and cause life-threatening disease such as cerebral abscess formation. The reason...

... the blood-brain barrier. During the retrograde and systemic spread of the virus, there is little inflammation in the brain or other organs where RAV is found, including the inoculation site (muscle or epidermis). It is still uncertain how the virus produces clinical symptoms and eventual death...

... pathogenic potential of H. heilmannii is still uncertain, the bacteria appear to be associated with milder, more patchy gastric inflammation and milder disease when compared to H. pylori, and do not appear to be associated with peptic ulceration. The variable occurrence of coinfection...

... by Th1 lymphocytes, with the consequent production of interferon γ, although the immunity produced by infection is not life-long. It is still uncertain what causes the protracted cough, which can persist for many days after eradication of the organism from the respiratory tract. Prevention includes...

... of pseudomelanomatous histologic findings and related risk for confusion with melanoma, such as misdiagnosing an acral MANIAC as melanoma (and vice versa). As with atypical nevi anywhere, if the diagnosis is uncertain, ancillary studies may help, but if the diagnosis remains uncertain in spite of test results...

... various ancillary methods, such a lesion may be reported as an atypical or “borderline” DPN-like melanocytic neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential ( 12 ). A study by Yeh et al. ( 7 ) on DPN documented the presence of activating mutations in the beta-catenin pathway as a characteristic finding ( fig. 9...

... . Squamomelanocytic tumor: an unusual and distinctive entity of uncertain biological potential . Am J Dermatopathol   2009 ; 31 : 495 - 8 . BALLOON CELL/CLEAR CELL MELANOMA DEEP PENETRATING NEVUS-LIKE (PLEXIFORM) MELANOMA RHABDOID MELANOMA SMALL CELL MELANOMA FOLLICULAR MELANOMA OTHER VARIANTS UNDIFFERENTIATED...

... of uncertain histogenesis. It is a malignant tumor usually presenting in soft tissue that is characterized by melanocytic differentiation ( 14 ). It also been referred to as melanoma of soft parts ( 15 ). Results from a gene expression study support the concept of a primary soft tissue variant of melanoma ( 16...

... the past two decades or so, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) has been increasingly recognized. The pathogenesis is uncertain, but hypotheses tend to invoke chronic antigen stimulation, either secondary to micromotion of the textured implant surface with host...

... (giving an appearance that resembles the Arias-Stella reaction) ( fig. 1-7 ). Pregnancy-like change may be seen in association with cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia (see chapter 3 ), although the exact relationship of these lesions to one another remains uncertain ( 30 ). The other process...

... . Second International Consensus Conference on lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions) . Breast Cancer Res Treat   2019 ; 174 : 279 - 96 . 9. Hugar   SB , Bhargava   R , Dabbs   DJ , Davis   KM , Zuley   M , Clark   BZ . Isolated flat epithelial...

... is uncertain, with some studies suggesting an association with larger tumor size and increased risk for local recurrence and others not ( fig. 8-18 ) ( 97 , 98 ). Several gene expression signatures have been demonstrated to be independent prognostic indicators and to have clinical value in determining benefit...