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Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE Figure 5-39 ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE Deeply eosinophilic large cells in a diffuse pattern of growth with prominent nucleoli. More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE Deeply eosinophilic large cells i...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE Figure 5-40 ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE A: The oncocytic adrenal cortical adenoma weighed 12 g and measured 3 cm. It was discovered incidentally on abdominal CT scan in a 67-year-old man who underwent surgical resection of a colonic adenocarci... More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE A: The oncocytic adrenal cortical...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE Figure 5-41 ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE A nonfunctioning lesion, well circumscribed, with peritumoral adrenal cortex that is not atrophic (A), is composed of large eosinophilic cells in a lobular architecture with rare intratumoral lymphocytes... More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA, ONCOCYTIC TYPE A nonfunctioning lesion, well cir...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL MEDULLARY DISEASE IN MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2 (MEN2) Figure 10-2 ADRENAL MEDULLARY DISEASE IN MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2 (MEN2) A: The adrenal gland has diffuse medullary hyperplasia as well as multiple nodules that represent pheochromocytomas. B,C: The nodules of adr... More about this image found in ADRENAL MEDULLARY DISEASE IN MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2 (MEN2) A:...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA IN NEUROFIBROMATOSES TYPE 1 (NF1) Figure 10-3 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA IN NEUROFIBROMATOSES TYPE 1 (NF1) A: The adrenal gland contains a pheochromocytoma. B: The morphology of the tumor is not distinct from sporadic pheochromocytomas. More about this image found in PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA IN NEUROFIBROMATOSES TYPE 1 (NF1) A: The adrenal gland co...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
MULTIFOCAL PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2 (MEN2) Figure 8-13 MULTIFOCAL PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2 (MEN2) The adrenal gland contains a dominant pheochromocytoma as well as two smaller nodules (top) and an expanded pal... More about this image found in MULTIFOCAL PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TY...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
MAJOR BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS FOR STEROIDOGENESIS Figure 1-1 MAJOR BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS FOR STEROIDOGENESIS Both adrenal gland and gonadal pathways are shown. Functions distinguishing the adrenal cortical zones from each other and from the gonads are determined by differential expression of steroi... More about this image found in MAJOR BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS FOR STEROIDOGENESIS Both adrenal gland and gon...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA WITH MYELOLIPOMA Figure 5-16 ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA WITH MYELOLIPOMA A 7.5-cm lesion with a peripheral cortical cell component is associated with a prominent myelolipomatous component with hemorrhage and infarct-type necrosis. More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA WITH MYELOLIPOMA A 7.5-cm lesion with a periphera...
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Published: 01 December 2024
NORMAL CAROTID BODY Figure 9-7 NORMAL CAROTID BODY A: This developing carotid body in an early second trimester stillborn fetus (same case as in figs. 9-3 and 9-4 ), shows more complex architecture and greater admixture of cell types than the abdominal paraganglia. B: Tyrosine hydroxylase exp... More about this image found in NORMAL CAROTID BODY A: This developing carotid body in an early second tri...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... Familial primary hyperaldosteronism (types I to IV and other variants) CYP11B1-CYP11B2; CLCN2; KCNJ5; CACN1AH; CACN1AD a Bilateral micro- and macronodular disease and adenoma <1% Seizure and neurologic abnormalities a Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... Locations Cluster Other Associated Lesions RET 10q11.2 MEN2 (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2) Adrenal 2 Medullary thyroid carcinoma; parathyroid hyperplasia or neoplasia Mucocutaneous ganglioneuromas (MEN2B) NF1 17q11.2 NF1 (neurofibromatosis type 1) Adrenal (rarely...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIOMA Figure 9-39 ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIOMA Immunohistochemical staining for somatostatin receptor 2A, an inexpensive stain, can triage patients for somatostatin receptor imaging and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). This very sensitive positron emission tomography (PET)/computerized tomography (CT) imaging uses 68Ga, a positron emitter, chelated to a bifunctional “DOTA” compound that is also linked to a somatostatin analog. The most widely used analog is octreotate, which has high affinity for SSTR type 2, hence, the term “DOTAtate” scan. This modality is more sensitive and faster than octreotide scans, which have been available for decades and use 111in, a single photon emitter, as the radioactive tracer. For PRRT, 68Ga is replaced by 177Lu, which emits cytotoxic medium energy beta particles, or by 90Y, a high energy beta emitter that may be preferable for larger tumors [ ref. 111 ]. The immunohistochemical stain for SSTR2A in this figure corresponds to one of the lesions in the PET/CT image. More about this image found in ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIOMA Immunohistochemical staining for somatostatin rece...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... histopathologic findings More frequent pigmentation (and black adenoma variant) and cytologic atypia Predominant clear cell type, spironolactone bodies (in treated patients), rare oncocytic variant Predominant compact cell type, Reinke crystalloids in androgen-secreting tumors None Adjacent adrenal tissue...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
.... Biochemical testing can identify profiles that predict the molecular type of pheochromocytoma ( 13 ). Alterations in the “pseudohypoxic pathway” involving mutations in SDHx, VHL, HIF2a, FH, MDH2, PHD1/EGLN2, and PHD2/EGLN1 are classified as “cluster 1” disease. This is characterized...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions cause enlargement of the adrenal glands. Aside from cortical and chromaffin cell tumors, the neoplasms most often encountered are primary benign or malignant tumors arising from non-endocrine cell types that reside in the normal adrenal gland...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD type 3) is expressed in the testis but not in the adrenal glands, which therefore have minimal ability to convert the weak androgens DHEA and androstenedione into testosterone. “17β-HSD” encompasses a large family of isoenzymes encoded by separate genes...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of patients had a history of other malignancies and 3 percent developed other malignancies after ACC diagnosis ( 8 ). Associated malignancies were extremely variable, including different types of carcinomas (prostate, bladder, lung, thyroid gland, breast, endometrial, cervical, renal, cutaneous non...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... and weakness. The skin becomes thin and pigmented striae are prominent. Easy bruising is common. One of the most common presenting features is insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, often overlooked as a pivotal manifestation of glucocorticoid excess. Patients may develop hypertension, dyslipidemia...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... diagnosis of many types of tumor that occur in different parts of the body ( 10 ). SITES OF PARAGANGLIOMA DEVELOPMENT Figure 9-1 SITES OF PARAGANGLIOMA DEVELOPMENT The relationship between the distribution of extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue in neonates (A) and prevalent sites of sympathetic...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... which defy logical embryologic explanation, e.g., placenta ( 7 ), lung ( 8 ), pituitary gland ( 9 , 10 ), and intracranially ( 11 ). Rare reverse examples of other types of tissues located heterotopically within the adrenal have also been reported. These include intra-adrenal hepatic ( 12 ) and thyroid...