Search Results for trauma

... hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis are not considered OPMD and most likely represent reactive keratoses to trauma, chemical-induced contact lesion, or infection ( 70 ). Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (discussed below) can show hyperkeratosis without dysplasia, but specific histologic and clinical findings...

... LESIONS Contact Ulcer Definition. A contact ulcer (clinically termed vocal process granuloma) is an inflammatory lesion of the posterior true vocal cord and vocal process of the arytenoid caused by voice trauma, intubation, or gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clinical Features...

... described by the German physician Dr. Arthur Hartmann in 1846 ( 99 ), it took more than a hundred years before appearing in the English literature ( 100 , 101 ). There is no well-established etiology, but some possibilities include ischemic necrosis (related to repetitive minor trauma), abnormal release...

... and other chromosomal abnormalities in two thirds of cases including Noonan syndrome, Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, and trisomies 13, 18, and 21, in particular ( 169 ). The rare adult lesions may be associated with infection or trauma. Clinical Features. Tumors typically present in infancy or early...

... two-hit activation of the pathway. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway proteins are overexpressed and HRAS somatic mutations have been found in some LCHs, further supporting MAPK pathway involvement ( 307 ). Inciting trauma may be slight or significant (nose...

... Definition.  Apical periodontal cyst (APC), also known as a radicular cyst, is a periradicular inflammatory cyst arising around the roots of a devitalized tooth. General Features. APCs develop secondary to the devitalization of a tooth, usually from caries but occasionally from trauma...

..., and involve up to 2 L of blood. Etiologies include mechanical trauma, sepsis with or without Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome ( fig. 12-22 ), coagulopathies, steroid or ACTH administration, primary or metastatic tumors, adrenal vein thrombosis, and complications of adrenal venography ( 77 ). Adrenal...

...Table 19-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON HUMAN FUNGAL INFECTIONS Site Name Predisposing Cause Clinical Manifestations Nails Onychomycosis Trauma Infrequent; discoloration and abnormal nail plate morphology Keratin layer of the skin Tinea nigra Skin abrasion Hyperchromic plaques...

... (discussed in chapter 13 ). Fungi, particularly yeasts such as Candida spp, and polymicrobial endocarditis are also encountered. The pathogenesis of infective endocarditis requires initial trauma to the surface endocardium in order for the etiologic organisms to establish themselves...

... FUNGI Infection Site Disease Pathogenetic Mechanism Clinical Manifestations Nail Onychomycosis Trauma Rare; abnormal nail plate color and morphology Skin keratin layer Tinea nigra Skin abrasion Hyperpigmented plaques on palms and soles Skin, subcutaneous and soft tissue...

... surgery, trauma, or contiguous infection S. aureus, β-hemolytic streptococci (S. pyogenes), or polymicrobial Deep Necrotizing Necrotizing fasciitis Necrotizing, life-threatening infection of subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia; has systemic symptoms of toxicity...

... conditions include ventricular shunts, local surgery, and trauma. Presentation is similar to that of other meningeal and brain infections, and includes meningismus and decreased consciousness. CNS candidiasis is associated with significant morbidity (particularly hydrocephalus) and mortality. Ocular...

... hyalohyphomycoses Amphotericin B Table 21-3 DISEASE SPECTRUM CAUSED BY FUSARIUM SPP Disease Predisposing Conditions and Presentation Keratitis Predisposing conditions include trauma, use of antibiotic or corticosteroid drops, wearing of contact lenses, and diabetes mellitus; endophthalmitis...

... and the history includes prior corneal trauma, wearing contact lenses for extended periods, cleaning contact lenses with nonsterile solutions, and swimming in contaminated water while wearing contact lenses. In cases of PAM, disease occurs most frequently during the hot summer months in children or young adults...

... Species Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Orocervicofacial A. israelii, A. gerencseriae, A. odontolyticus Most frequent form of disease, accounting for approximately 50% of cases Follows trauma to the region (such as dental manipulation) Fever, chronic swelling of the area and sinus...

... ). The disease is asymptomatic or accompanied by redness, discomfort, tearing, discharge, or photophobia. The cicatricial phase is characterized by entropion, trichiasis, corneal opacities, and eventually, blindness. The corneal opacities are the result of eyelash-induced trauma and superinfections. The WHO has...

... are found. Neuroaxonal swellings, also known as axonal spheroids, are nonspecific indicators of axonal damage and can be found in the spinal cord ( fig. 3-21 ). These are not specific to poliovirus infection, however, and have been observed after trauma, infarcts, infections (e.g., human immunodeficiency...

... ; 26 : 137 - 44 . 19. Selim   MA , Vollmer   RT , Herman   CM , Pham   TT , Turner   WW . Melanocytic nevi with nonsurgical trauma: a histopathologic study . Am J Dermatopathol   2007 ; 29 : 134 - 6 . 20. McCarthy   SW , Scolyer   RA . Pitfalls and important issues...

... due to microscopic overlap, especially on a partial biopsy. Suprabasilar melanocytes, for example, are common in traumatized, congenital, and acral nevi, but on occasion are also seen in a dysplastic nevus, especially in association with external trauma ( fig. 12-18 ). BRAF V600E mutations...