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Book Chapter

Nasopharynx

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... extent and attempts to preserve vital structures, adjuvant radiation therapy can be used to supplement surgical resection when residual disease is present ( 26 , 34 , 35 ). Craniopharyngiomas are sensitive to radiotherapy and its use is associated with decreased recurrences and improved survival ( 26...
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Book Chapter

Sinonasal Cavity

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
.... Limited sinonasal RDD is indolent, but is associated with recurrent sinusitis/polyposis. Multifocal disease may require systemic therapy ( 17 – 20 ). Rhinoscleroma Definition.  Rhinoscleroma is an uncommon infectious disease caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, a Gram-negative...
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Book Chapter

Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-6
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... therapy, an important component of which is treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Although rates vary, 20 to 50 percent of patients have persistent, but improved symptoms, or no improvement at all ( 16 , 15 ). Vocal Cord Polyp/Nodule Definition.  Vocal cord polyps and nodules...
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Book Chapter

Neck

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-7
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
..., they are divided into levels I through VI. Knowledge of the drainage basins of primary mucosal regions of the head and neck is useful in order to understand where nodal metastases may develop and for surgeons and oncologists to help guide neck dissections and radiation therapy ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). Table 7-1 shows...
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Book Chapter

Ear and Temporal Bone

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-8
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... accessory tragi anterior to the ear. B: Histologically, a thin plate of cartilage is surrounded by adipose tissue with intact overlying skin. Treatment and Prognosis. As a cyst or fistula, the first branchial cleft anomalies are commonly infected. Antibiotic therapy is frequently used, contributing...
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Book Chapter

Jaw

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-5
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... locally aggressive and about a third recur following surgery. The mainstay of treatment is wide surgical ablation, but radiation therapy and chemotherapy have been used when appropriate ( 35 , 36 ). Yoon et al. ( 37 ) reviewed 98 cases and reported a 5-year survival rate of 73 percent and a 10-year rate...
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Book Chapter

Oropharynx

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-2
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... to the mucosal membranes ( 52 ). Immunotherapy is effective as well, and other than in clinical trials, is only approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic carcinoma. Targeted therapy, targeted and decreased dose radiation, and sparing chemotherapy are all avenues being explored...
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Book Chapter

Oral Cavity

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... OSCC. Most patients with oral VC present with stage I (49 percent) or stage II (30 percent) disease ( 52 ). Surgery is the primary treatment for VC, with an 83 percent 2-year survival rate and 64 percent 5-year survival rate ( 52 ). Patients who receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy alone have...
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Images
Figure 11-6

RESECTED NEUROBLASTOMA Gross image of sliced resection specimen of NB with...

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in Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma > Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
RESECTED NEUROBLASTOMA Figure 11-6 RESECTED NEUROBLASTOMA Gross image of sliced resection specimen of NB without previous chemo therapy treatment. Preexistent adrenal gland in left slice and possible calcifications in second slice from the right. More about this image found in RESECTED NEUROBLASTOMA Gross image of sliced resection specimen of NB with...
Images
Figure 9-39

ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIOMA Immunohistochemical staining for somatostatin rece...

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in Paraganglia and Paragangliomas > Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIOMA Figure 9-39 ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIOMA Immunohistochemical staining for somatostatin receptor 2A, an inexpensive stain, can triage patients for somatostatin receptor imaging and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). This very sensitive positron emission tomography More about this image found in ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIOMA Immunohistochemical staining for somatostatin rece...
Book Chapter

Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... be difficult or even impossible to determine the primary site of origin, for instance, when they arise in or near the adrenal gland. RESECTED NEUROBLASTOMA Figure 11-6 RESECTED NEUROBLASTOMA Gross image of sliced resection specimen of NB without previous chemo therapy treatment. Preexistent adrenal gland...
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Book Chapter

Congenital Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... ( 26 ). The disorder is usually fatal despite replacement therapy. The clinical manifestations of CAH are the result of a deficiency of a particular steroid, such as cortisol, and/or the effects of steroids that accumulate proximal to the site of enzymatic deficiency and may be shunted into alternate...
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Book Chapter

Clinicopathologic Features of the Adrenal Cortex

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... is usually to address the primary disorder. Removal of the pituitary lesion or the source of ectopic ACTH is the primary goal, but in refractory cases, bilateral adrenalectomy is performed to reduce the complications of cortisol excess. Medical therapy with steroidogenesis inhibitors ( 13 ) or targeted G...
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Book Chapter

Paraganglia and Paragangliomas

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
.... Current and emerging immunohistochemical markers have prognostic or predictive applications ( 93 , 109 , 110 ). Staining for somatostatin receptors helps triage patients for peptide radioreceptor imaging and radionuclide therapy ( fig. 9-39 ) ( 111 – 113 ). The Ki-67 proliferative fraction has been...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Nodular Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... seen in surgical material since it is more frequently treated by medical therapy. SPORADIC NODULAR ADRENAL CORTICAL DISEASE Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Findings.  Sporadic nodular adrenal cortical disease is characterized by clinically nonfunctioning nodules made...
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Book Chapter

Hereditary Predisposition to Adrenal Cortical Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... activity less than 1.0 ng/mL/h ( 30 – 32 ). Adequate clinical management requires either lifelong mineralocorticoid antagonist therapy or bilateral adrenalectomy. A wide phenotypic variability is present in type III disease, from spironolactone-responsive hyperaldosteronism to massive adrenal hypertrophy...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... ACC from nonadrenocortical malignancies, such as metastatic carcinomas ( 108 , 109 ). Moreover, 123I labeled metomidate has been tested for selective radionuclide-based systematic therapy in patients with metastatic ACC ( 110 ). Radiomics and Texture Analysis The radiomic approach...
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Book Chapter

Other Adrenal Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... metastasis based on laterality, it is accepted that adrenalectomy for a clinically isolated adrenal metastasis can prolong survival in selected patients ( 98 ), and approaches to this type of therapy are continuing to evolve. In a retrospective analysis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer...
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Images
Figure 16-4

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS The layered fibrin and associated inflammatory cell...

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in Heart > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
characteristics after prior antibiotic therapy. More about this image found in INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS The layered fibrin and associated inflammatory cell...
Book Chapter

Central Nervous System

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-20
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in the era of effective azole therapy . Clin Infect Dis   2001 ; 33 : 690 - 9 . 8. Warr   W , Bates   JH , Stone   A . The spectrum of pulmonary cryptococcosis . Ann Intern Med   1968 ; 69 : 1109 - 16 . 9. Braman   RT...
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