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Figure 11-1

DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Nearly 90 percent ...

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in Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma > Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Figure 11-1 DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Nearly 90 percent of patients are below 5 years of age at diagnosis. The left side of each pair of columns represents male patients and the right side of each pair More about this image found in DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Nearly 90 percent ...
Book Chapter

Clinicopathologic Features of the Adrenal Cortex

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
..., and sex steroids. Excess glucocorticoids give rise to Cushing syndrome, mineralocorticoid excess causes Conn syndrome, and sex steroid excess results in virilization or more rarely, feminization. A mixed endocrine syndrome can result from a combination of glucocorticoid and sex steroid secretion...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... called cortical nodular disease, which is essentially multiple adenomas. In addition, not all cases undergo surgery, thus pathologic confirmation is not always available. Solitary adenomas occur at any age and in both sexes. Reports of large autopsy series have found adrenal adenomas greater than 2 to 5...
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Book Chapter

Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... classes of steroid hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones ( 4 , 5 ). Their respective biosynthetic pathways are illustrated in figure 1-1 . In the adult cortex, the hormone produced in the largest quantity is cortisol. In contrast, the predominant products of the fetal cortex...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... characterization shows that ACCs are usually associated with the overproduction and hypersecretion of multiple hormones (more frequently cortisol and sex steroid hormones) and precursors, rather than a single hormone ( 49 ). Therefore, excessive production or secretion of a single adrenocortical steroid...
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Book Chapter

Congenital Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... form of the disease. Other enzymatic deficiencies causing CAH include: 1) 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency which causes virilization and often hypertension due to the accumulation of deoxycorticosterone; 2) 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency which results in disorders of sex development...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Nodular Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... for incidentally discovered lesions ( 2 ). Mixed biochemical profiles of cortisol and mineralocorticoid excess have been described ( 19 ). Pure virilization is almost exclusively present in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), whereas mixed cortisol and sex steroid hormone secretory profiles with feminization...
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Book Chapter

Hereditary Predisposition to Adrenal Cortical Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... residual adrenal cortex and present as a tiny eosinophilic micronodule in the pericapsular location. The co-occurrence of PDE11A and PRKAR1A germline variants in Carney complex patients is associated with a higher frequency of PPNAD, male sex, and the occurrence of large cell calcifying...
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Book Chapter

Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... than 100 adult-onset cases have been published, and most of these have a poor outcome, usually due to late detection of the disease ( 16 ). DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Figure 11-1 DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Nearly 90 percent of patients...
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Book Chapter

Other Adrenal Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... and an equal sex distribution. Twelve percent of the tumors were bilateral. The estimated incidence at autopsy varies from 0.08 to 0.2 percent; in one study it was 0.01 percent for the age group between 36 and 65 years ( 16 ). A female predominance has been reported in a series of Chinese patients ( 17...
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Book Chapter

Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... in both males and females, with only a minor predilection for either sex in most series. In some studies, the right adrenal gland is involved more frequently than the left, possibly due to the slightly larger size of the medulla in that gland ( 29 , 30 ). In adults, there is an average delay...
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Book Chapter

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-30
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group . Sex Transm Dis   1997 ; 24 : 353 - 60 . 7. Bouchemal   K , Bories   C , Loiseau   PM . Strategies for prevention and treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infections . Clin...
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Book Chapter

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-18
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... (particularly in those who practice unprotected sex), the lesions are primarily observed in genital areas, and the infection is frequently accompanied by other sexually transmitted diseases. However, a low disease frequency in sex workers and infections in children who have not been sexually abused, especially...
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Book Chapter

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-26
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
.... Tawari   B , Ali   IK , Scott   C , et al . Patterns of evolution in the unique tRNA gene arrays of the genus Entamoeba . Mol Biol Evol   2008 ; 25 : 187 - 98 . 4. Hung   CC , Chang   SY , Ji   DD . Entamoeba histolytica infection in men who have sex with men . Lancet Infect...
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Book Chapter

Heart

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... or gastrointestinal infections that are not associated with myocarditis. Host factors most likely determine an individual’s susceptibility to myocarditis and include pregnancy, sex hormone administration, age, exercise, and nutritional status ( 8 ). The true incidence of myocarditis is difficult to establish due...
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Book Chapter

Hemorrhagic Fevers

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... exposure to the corpse and cremation should be encouraged. As these filoviruses have been found in the semen of survivors for up to a year, protected sex and hand hygiene are indicated for at least 1 year postinfection. Although studies into effective vaccines against filoviruses (including a multivalent...
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Book Chapter

Sexually Transmitted and Urogenital Infections

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... to those in the cervix, both clinically and morphologically. Patients at high risk of developing anal cancer are men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV-positive individuals, organ transplant recipients, and women with a history of multicentric lower genital tract neoplasia ( 37 , 45 , 48 ). The pooled anal...
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Book Chapter

Skin and Soft Tissue

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... nonendemic areas, particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM) ( 16 ). This outbreak was linked to cases that had occurred since 2017 in Nigeria ( 17 ). As of March 2023, there have been over 86,000 cases globally, with the United States having the largest number ( 18 ). Since the peak number of cases...
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Book Chapter

Central Nervous System

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-25
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... (a shorter, stubbier and nondividing form of the parasite) are ingested by either sex of tsetse fly during a blood meal of an infected human or animal reservoir. Procyclic trypomastigotes (a longer, slender form of circulating parasite that is capable of division) then proliferate in the insect’s midgut...
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Book Chapter

Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... a dramatic increase in KS was observed in New York. This resurgence, however, was seen in younger men who have sex with men (MSM) and eventually helped uncover the HIV epidemic. KS became one of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining entities, even before commercial HIV tests were available...
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