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Book Chapter

Other Adrenal Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
..., or metastases to the adrenal gland from distant sites. There are also a few case reports of both endocrine and nonendocrine tumors potentially related to the adrenal gland developmentally, either by steroidogenic lineage or by proximity to the adrenogenital/gonadal ridge (see chapter 1 ). Non-neoplastic causes...
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Images
Figure 1-52

INHIBIN EXPRESSION IN NORMAL ADRENAL GLAND Inhibin is expressed in the adr...

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in Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands > Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
, consistent with reported preferential expression in androgen-producing tumors ( 62 ). A: Patchy distribution in zona fasciculata and reticularis (negative medulla at bottom of field). B: Extensive distribution in zona reticularis. More about this image found in INHIBIN EXPRESSION IN NORMAL ADRENAL GLAND Inhibin is expressed in the adr...
Images
Figure 9-19

CAROTID BODY SCLEROSING PARAGANGLIOMA A: Sclerosing paragangliomas have be...

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in Paraganglia and Paragangliomas > Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
CAROTID BODY SCLEROSING PARAGANGLIOMA Figure 9-19 CAROTID BODY SCLEROSING PARAGANGLIOMA A: Sclerosing paragangliomas have been reported as a distinct entity that can mimic infiltrating carcinoma. This sharply circumscribed example shows extensive sclerosis, which is very dense at top right. B More about this image found in CAROTID BODY SCLEROSING PARAGANGLIOMA A: Sclerosing paragangliomas have be...
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Figure 9-1

SITES OF PARAGANGLIOMA DEVELOPMENT The relationship between the distributi...

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in Paraganglia and Paragangliomas > Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
SITES OF PARAGANGLIOMA DEVELOPMENT Figure 9-1 SITES OF PARAGANGLIOMA DEVELOPMENT The relationship between the distribution of extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue in neonates (A) and prevalent sites of sympathetic paragangliomas reported up to 1965 (B) in a classic illustration. Arrow added More about this image found in SITES OF PARAGANGLIOMA DEVELOPMENT The relationship between the distributi...
Book Chapter

Familial and Syndrome-Related Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... in this chapter. It is now recognized that somatic mutations of RET, NF1, MAX, and VHL also lead to the development of PPGL. In addition, an early postzygotic mutation resulting in somatic mosaicism of genes including VHL and SDHB has been reported ( 4 ), potentially resulting...
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Book Chapter

Congenital Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... which defy logical embryologic explanation, e.g., placenta ( 7 ), lung ( 8 ), pituitary gland ( 9 , 10 ), and intracranially ( 11 ). Rare reverse examples of other types of tissues located heterotopically within the adrenal have also been reported. These include intra-adrenal hepatic ( 12 ) and thyroid...
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Book Chapter

Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of brown coloration in the presence of chromate salts was reported by Bertholdus Werner in 1857 ( 1 ). Alfred Kohn coined the terms “chromaffin reaction” for the color change and “chromaffin cells” for the reactive cells. He went on to map the chromaffin tissues in other parts of the body, and conceived...
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Book Chapter

Hereditary Predisposition to Adrenal Cortical Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... HEREDITARY SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH ADRENAL CORTICAL PROLIFERATIONS Syndrome Gene(s) Adrenal Cortical Phenotype Relative Risk of Adrenal Cortical Cancer Main Other Associated Features Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome a IGF2 locus Cysts, adenoma (carcinoma in case reports...
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Book Chapter

Paraganglia and Paragangliomas

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... paragangliomas reported up to 1965 (B) in a classic illustration. Arrow added in A indicates the organ of Zuckerkandl. The two hot spots for paragangliomas in the neck are based in part on carotid body paragangliomas, which occasionally produce significant amounts of norepinephrine or dopamine. Since its initial...
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Book Chapter

Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... are skin, gonads, and cranial locations such leptomeninges and dura ( 37 ). Metastases to the brain parenchyma are rare but do occur, especially during progression or relapse of stage 4 NBL ( 38 ). Placental localization has been reported in cases with congenital manifestation of NBL, but tumor cells...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... the last four decades. This is in accordance with a population-based study from the Netherlands, which reported an incidence of 1 case per million ( 3 ). Like other adrenal diseases, ACC is more frequent in females than males ( 4 ). The female to male ratio ranges from 1.5–2.5 to 1.0; women have a higher...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... called cortical nodular disease, which is essentially multiple adenomas. In addition, not all cases undergo surgery, thus pathologic confirmation is not always available. Solitary adenomas occur at any age and in both sexes. Reports of large autopsy series have found adrenal adenomas greater than 2 to 5...
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Book Chapter

Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... gland is the body’s almost exclusive source of circulating epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, although small quantities are reported to be produced in other cell types for local use ( 14 ). The ratio of epinephrine to norepinephrine in the normal adult adrenal medulla is about 4 to 1 ( 12...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Nodular Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... the staging workup of a patient with a known malignancy elsewhere ( fig. 4-2 ) ( 7 ). Adrenal “incidentalomas” are reported in around 5 percent of people subjected to imaging studies ( 7 – 9 ), although not all adrenal incidentalomas are of cortical origin. Moreover, the exact prevalence of sporadic nodular...
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Book Chapter

Clinicopathologic Features of the Adrenal Cortex

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... and CACNA1H have been reported in different subtypes of familial hyperaldosteronism. The cascade of steroidogenic enzymes that is involved in aldosterone synthesis include CYP11A1, 3βHSD, CYP21A, and CYP11B2; the latter is specific for aldosterone biosynthesis, and antibodies that can be applied...
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Book Chapter

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-30
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... in people living in resource-limited settings ( 3 ). This is because many cases of trichomoniasis go undetected, since the disease is not a reportable STD, up to 80 percent of infections are asymptomatic, and the disease has traditionally been diagnosed using methods that have low sensitivity ( 1 , 3...
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Book Chapter

Central Nervous System

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
.... Vimtrup   B . On the pathology of poliomyelitis with a brief account of histological examinations of 115 fatal cases . Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl   1956 ; 39 ( Suppl 111 ): 27 - 45 . 39. Miller   D . Post-polio syndrome spinal cord pathology. Case report with immunopathology . Ann N...
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Book Chapter

Systemic Infections

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-27
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
.... Froberg   M , Dannen   D , Bernier   N , Shieh   W , Guarner   J , Zaki   S . Case report: spontaneous splenic rupture during acute parasitemia of Babesia microti . Ann Clin Lab Sci   2008 ; 38 : 390 - 2 . 18. Torres-Vélez   F , Nace   E , Won   K , Bartlett   J...
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Book Chapter

Respiratory Tract

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-21
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... cereals and lead to toxic disease in humans; progressive and can result in chronic dystrophic osteoarthritis; outbreaks have been reported after wars and in areas with famine or starvation Table 21-2 DISEASE SPECTRUM CAUSED BY ASPERGILLUS SPP Disease Predisposing Conditions...
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Book Chapter

Prion Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... occurred in the 1980s; cases were also reported in France and other European countries The outbreak was linked to consumption of beef from cattle that had been fed meat and bone meal from sheep infected with scrapie The cattle presented with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), thus confirming...
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