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Images
Published: 01 September 2024
GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS Figure 25-14 GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS Macroscopic appearance of a coronal brain slice illustrating necrosis and hemorrhage in the region of the basal ganglia. (Courtesy of the CDC PHIL) More about this image found in GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS Macroscopic appearance of a coronal brai...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Figure 1-6 USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using one of the 16S mRNA conserved regions (V1-3) on a suspected bacterial tissue pathogen yields a product. The latt... More about this image found in USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Polyme...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC E. COLI (EHEC) INFECTION Figure 13-7 ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC E. COLI (EHEC) INFECTION Colon biopsies of EHEC infection show prominent surface epithelial degeneration, lamina propria red blood cell extravasation, and isolated mucosal microthrombi (A,B), as well as crypt withering, ulceration, and submucosal edema with red cell extravasation (C). Some of these microscopic features may be indistinguishable from localized or regional acute ischemia. More about this image found in ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC E. COLI (EHEC) INFECTION Colon biopsies...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-28
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... World species include L. major, L tropica, and L. aethiopica, which are prevalent in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions, Africa and Central/Southwest Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. New World species include L. amazonensis, L. mexicana, L. braziliensis (subgenus...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-25
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... of the world’s population, it is seldom associated with clinical disease ( 2 ). The latter is most frequently seen in infants with congenital infection and the immunocompromised. Epidemiology Depending on the geographic region, it is estimated that between 25 and 75 percent of humans are infected with T...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-27
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
..., solid organ transplants and laboratory exposure ( 2 ). Malaria is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions below an altitude of 1,500 meters ( 3 ). More than 85 percent of cases occur in Africa, approximately 10 percent in Southeast Asia, and the reminder in the Americas. Female Anopheles...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-24
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... miners on the Witwatersrand, South Africa who were exposed to wood contaminated with Sporothrix. Latin America generally sees the greatest number of cases annually. An area of hyperendemicity exists in the Andean region of Peru, while in Brazil the large number of infections is due to zoonotic...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... location. HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 1, 2, AND 3 Figure 6-2 HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 1, 2, AND 3 Pathways of entry, latency, and recurrence in the body. In contrast, VZV enters via the host nasopharyngeal mucosa (the virus is lymphotropic), migrates to regional lymph nodes, and then disseminates systemically...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... in diameter 10 genotypes Parenteral transmission via blood or bodily fluids Perinatal transmission in high prevalence regions Sporadic or endemic 30-180 days Chronic hepatitis (ranges from 5% of adult to 90% of pediatric infections) Acute self-limited hepatitis Asymptomatic carrier state Cirrhosis...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-21
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... frequently affects the nasal region) and subsequently infect their owners, although the diagnosis of disease in the dog often precedes diagnosis in its owner. The life cycle of Blastomyces spp is illustrated in figure 21-1 . Most of the Blastomyces organisms inhaled or inoculated as hyphal...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
..., the HIV RNA genome is converted into a DNA provirus upon infection. The virus consists of envelope and core proteins, is 10kb long, and has two single RNA strands. The coding regions are gag (capsid proteins, e.g. p24), env (external glycoprotein, e.g., gp120), and pol...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-30
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS The prevalence of trichomoniasis varies greatly by population and geographic region. Risk factors for infection include multiple sexual partners, commercial sex work, other concomitant STDs, incarceration, intravenous drug use, bacterial vaginosis, and cigarette smoking...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-14
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... America. The prevalence of infection in these regions is due to unvaccinated populations that care for or slaughter animals, or produce crafts from contaminated animal hair or hides, using techniques that expose them to the bacterial spores. When processing contaminated animal products, spores can also...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-18
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... by painless regional lymphadenopathy. The anogenital region ( fig. 18-1A ) and, less often, the oral cavity ( fig. 18-1B ), are the most frequent sites. Chancres can occur in locations where they cannot readily be observed (e.g., vagina or cervix) and may thus be missed. Multiple ulcers can occur...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... be acquired through mosquito bites, blood transfusions, organ transplants, breast milk, and transplacentally Japanese encephalitis JEV Aedes, Anopheles and Culex spp Birds Asia, Australia, and Eastern Pacific Cyclical major outbreaks occur in the regions, usually during the rainy...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-20
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... becoming ill ( 4 ). Epidemiology Cryptococci are found in tropical and sub-tropical regions and are associated with trees (such as mopane, eucalyptus, and pine), bird guano, and environmental ameba. Conditions that aid in the environmental growth of the fungal yeasts include an acidic pH, as well as high...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-26
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... to quantify, since reporting is affected by geographic region, study design, sample size, incubation period, symptom severity, and the sensitivity of the diagnostic modality used ( 6 , 7 ). In one Brazilian study, 25 percent of tested individuals were seropositive for E. histolytica, with the highest...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... outbreak in the four corners area of the United States, the collaboration between forensic and CDC pathologists lead to the discovery of the sin nombre hantavirus ( 5 ). Many of the suspected infectious disease cases that have not had a specific pathogen identified at a regional or state hospital...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-17
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
.... quintana have a worldwide distribution, while B. bacilliformis is found in the Andes region. The vector for B. bacilliformis is the Andean sand fly, Lutzomyia verrucarum. Trench fever is transmitted predominantly by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus), although...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-15
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... regions. Definitive diagnosis of rhinoscleroma, however, is usually rendered by means of microbiologic culture of K. rhinoscleromatis, although molecular testing using 16S rRNA can be carried out on tissue specimens. Prevention and Treatment Prevention relies mainly on controlling overcrowding...
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