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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... hyperplasia, but these cells should not be considered as capsular invasion. These clusters do not show cytologic atypia, the adrenal capsule in contact with them has a bland appearance, and there is no desmoplastic reaction in the surrounding stroma. Lipomatous or myelolipomatous changes are frequent ( fig. 5...
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Book Chapter

Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of separation is often near or at the corticomedullary junction, and there may be almost complete separation of medulla from cortex. There is usually no significant inflammatory reaction. This artifactual change undoubtedly contributed to the misconception of the adrenal glands as hollow structures (hence...
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Book Chapter

Congenital Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... the rate-limiting step in steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol side-chain cleavage, by facilitating the movement of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane where the reaction takes place. STAR mutations cause congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, the most severe form of CAH...
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Book Chapter

Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of brown coloration in the presence of chromate salts was reported by Bertholdus Werner in 1857 ( 1 ). Alfred Kohn coined the terms “chromaffin reaction” for the color change and “chromaffin cells” for the reactive cells. He went on to map the chromaffin tissues in other parts of the body, and conceived...
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Book Chapter

Paraganglia and Paragangliomas

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... widely used, while the second has been dropped. There are also two characteristic cell types: nonepithelial neuroendocrine cells and sustentacular cells. Prior to the advent of immunohistochemistry, the principal tool for functional characterization of paraganglia was the chromaffin reaction. Paraganglia...
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Book Chapter

Hereditary Predisposition to Adrenal Cortical Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... syndrome-associated tumor screening by immunohistochemical detection of MMR proteins, with or without microsatellite instability assessment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is recommended in all patients affected by colorectal and endometrial cancer since many Lynch patients are missed if clinical...
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Book Chapter

Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for tyrosine hydroxylase or PHOX2B is discussed by this group. NEUROBLASTOMA METASTATIC TO BONE AND BONE MARROW Figure 11-37 NEUROBLASTOMA METASTATIC TO BONE AND BONE MARROW This trephine biopsy shows extensive involvement by NB, which is even appreciated...
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Images
Figure 15-16

ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM Also known as type 2 leprosy reaction, there are...

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in Skin and Soft Tissue > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM Figure 15-16 ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM Also known as type 2 leprosy reaction, there are new and painful, nodular skin lesions in an individual with lepromatous leprosy. (Courtesy of the CDC PHIL) More about this image found in ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM Also known as type 2 leprosy reaction, there are...
Images
Figure 21-13

COCCIDIOIDIN SKIN TEST Prominent reaction in an individual with coccidioid...

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in Respiratory Tract > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
COCCIDIOIDIN SKIN TEST Figure 21-13 COCCIDIOIDIN SKIN TEST Prominent reaction in an individual with coccidioidomycosis. (Courtesy of the CDC PHIL) More about this image found in COCCIDIOIDIN SKIN TEST Prominent reaction in an individual with coccidioid...
Images
Figure 9-39

INVASIVE ENDOCERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA Invading malignant glands with a desm...

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in Sexually Transmitted and Urogenital Infections > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
INVASIVE ENDOCERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA Figure 9-39 INVASIVE ENDOCERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA Invading malignant glands with a desmoplastic stromal reaction. More about this image found in INVASIVE ENDOCERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA Invading malignant glands with a desm...
Images
Figure 24-8

DISSEMINATED CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS The upper dermis contains large numb...

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in Skin and Soft Tissue > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
DISSEMINATED CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS Figure 24-8 DISSEMINATED CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS The upper dermis contains large numbers of organisms, some of which have been engulfed by histiocytes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies confirmed the presence of Sporothrix schenckii. More about this image found in DISSEMINATED CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS The upper dermis contains large numb...
Images
Figure 5-6

CIRRHOSIS DUE TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION A: Reactive pro...

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in Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
CIRRHOSIS DUE TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION Figure 5-6 CIRRHOSIS DUE TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION A: Reactive proliferation of cholangioles (ductular reaction). B,C: Progressive entrapment of regenerating hepatic nodules by fibrous septa. D,E: The severely More about this image found in CIRRHOSIS DUE TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION A: Reactive pro...
Images
Figure 1-6

USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Polyme...

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in Introduction and Methods > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Figure 1-6 USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using one of the 16S mRNA conserved regions (V1-3) on a suspected bacterial tissue pathogen yields a product More about this image found in USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Polyme...
Book Chapter

Skin and Soft Tissue

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-15
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... as type 2 leprosy reaction, there are new and painful, nodular skin lesions in an individual with lepromatous leprosy. (Courtesy of the CDC PHIL) FITE-FARACO MODIFIED ACID-FAST STAIN Figure 15-23 FITE-FARACO MODIFIED ACID-FAST STAIN Large numbers of intracellular bacilli are present within cutaneous...
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Book Chapter

Skin and Soft Tissue

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-28
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... as the Montenegro test) which shows a host cellular immune response and measures the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction 48 to 72 hours after intradermal injection of the leishmanin antigen. The latter test is useful in detecting latent disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods based on amplification...
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Book Chapter

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-18
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
...: comparison of histopathology, Steiner stain, and polymerase chain reaction for Treponema pallidum DNA . Hum Pathol   1996 ; 27 : 366 - 72 . 9. Belum   GR , Belum   VR , Chaitanya Arudra   SK , Reddy   BS . The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: revisited . Travel Med Infect Dis   2013 ; 11...
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Book Chapter

Introduction and Methods

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... Twort gram (E) stains of histologic material procured from the mass. USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Figure 1-6 USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE (rRNA) IN DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using one of the 16S mRNA conserved regions (V1-3...
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Book Chapter

Heart

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-16
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... infection due to certain microorganisms, such as Coxiella burnetii, Brucella, and Bartonella spp. If tissue is available, culture or molecular techniques can establish a microbiologic diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques detecting conserved fragments of bacteria nucleic...
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Book Chapter

Heart

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-29
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
.... The amastigotes divide by fission, forming intracellular collections or “pseudocysts” that eventually differentiate into trypomastigotes. The new trypomastigotes are released from the host cells into the blood stream and infect new host cells. The release of trypomastigotes causes an inflammatory reaction...
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Book Chapter

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
...) INFECTION A: Reactive proliferation of cholangioles (ductular reaction). B,C: Progressive entrapment of regenerating hepatic nodules by fibrous septa. D,E: The severely distorted liver architecture and vascular relationships are highlighted with a Masson trichrome stain. HBV C-ANTIGEN Figure 5-7 HBV C...
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