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Figure 3-19

IMMATURE HEAD AND NECK TERATOMA A,B: Immature neural elements are frequent...

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in Nasopharynx > Tumors of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract, Ear, and Jaw
Published: 01 June 2025
IMMATURE HEAD AND NECK TERATOMA Figure 3-19 IMMATURE HEAD AND NECK TERATOMA A,B: Immature neural elements are frequently seen in teratomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and have no prognostic significance. More about this image found in IMMATURE HEAD AND NECK TERATOMA A,B: Immature neural elements are frequent...
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Figure 6-48

NONKERATINIZING SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA An uncommon nonkeratinizing SCC of...

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in Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea > Tumors of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract, Ear, and Jaw
Published: 01 June 2025
prognostic benefit that is seen for oropharyngeal tumors. More about this image found in NONKERATINIZING SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA An uncommon nonkeratinizing SCC of...
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Figure 4-8

ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA A: Perineural (black arrow) and intraneural (...

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in Oral Cavity > Tumors of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract, Ear, and Jaw
Published: 01 June 2025
ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA Figure 4-8 ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA A: Perineural (black arrow) and intraneural (blue arrow) invasion is a poor prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. This tumor has abundant desmoplastic stroma. B: Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma More about this image found in ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA A: Perineural (black arrow) and intraneural (...
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Oropharynx

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-2
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... to 50 percent overall and progression-free survival rates at 5 years, outcomes that are 3 to 5 times worse than for patients with HPV-associated oropharyngeal SCC ( 6 , 54 , 59 ). Negative prognostic factors are high T stage, positive cervical nodal disease, current smoking status, and the presence...
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Sinonasal Cavity

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
..., positive with TLE1 and SS18-SSX, and lack a CD34 and STAT6 reaction ( 296 , 482 ). Treatment and Prognosis. There are several multivariable risk stratification models for prognostication ( 454 , 458 , 483 , 484 ), although they are not optimized for the relatively smaller size of sinonasal tract tumors...
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Nasopharynx

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... ) and reticulated patterns. Both differentiated and undifferentiated forms of NPC occur, sometimes admixed and sometimes as separate diffuse patterns. Other than recognizing their distinct histologic appearances, there are no clinical management or prognostic reasons to distinguish differentiated...
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Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-6
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCCs (3 to 5 percent) and the prognostic benefit is not clearly established ( 96 – 99 ). Hypopharyngeal SCC occurs primarily in the pyriform sinuses, develops as large tumors, and has high rates of nodal metastasis ( 95 ). Tracheal SCC occurs with roughly equal distribution...
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Oral Cavity

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA A: Perineural (black arrow) and intraneural (blue arrow) invasion is a poor prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. This tumor has abundant desmoplastic stroma. B: Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by dyskeratosis, cytologic atypia...
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Ear and Temporal Bone

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-8
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... is prognostically significant, as is the Breslow thickness (average, 2.0 mm) ( 288 , 293 , 301 ). Melanoma appears as enlarged, polygonal, single atypical melanocytes, usually at the junction, showing upward irregular (buck-shot) scatter, along with invasion into the underlying dermis ( fig. 8-38 ). There is often...
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Jaw

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-5
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... ). These authors also showed that histologic grade and nodal metastasis were significant prognostic factors. Over half the patients do not repond to therapy and fail locally or in their neck within 2 years ( 48 , 58 ). About half of the patients have cervical metastasis at the time of diagnosis ( 50 ). Distant...
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Neck

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-7
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... . Cystic hygroma and lymphangioma: associated findings, perinatal outcome and prognostic factors in live-born infants . Arch Gynecol Obstet   2007 ; 276 : 491 - 8 . 170. Coffin   CM , Dehner   LP . Vascular tumors in children and adolescents: a clinicopathologic study of 228 tumors in 222...
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Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... architecture in >30 percent of the tumor Presence of tumor necrosis Presence of venous invasion Presence of sinusoidal invasion Presence of capsular invasion The Weiss score is also used as a prognostic parameter, usually with a malignancy cut-off of 6 ( 118 , 148 ). Its independent prognostic...
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Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... as differentiating NB. Some NBLs show large cell histology, anaplasia, or foci of spindle-shaped cells, which may resemble those of other childhood tumors, such as rhabdomyosarcoma ( figs. 11-15 – 11-17 ) ( 46 , 47 ). No clinical or prognostic correlations of such alternative histology are known, although two large...
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Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of aggressive pheochromocytomas. A third proposal builds on the PASS and GAPP scores with the addition of SDHB immunohisto-chemistry ( 61 ). The composite pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma prognostic score (COPPS) scoring system assesses tumor size, necrosis, and vascular invasion, as well as loss of S-100 protein...
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Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... neoplasms . Endocr Pathol   2018 ; 29 : 137 - 49 . 50. Sbiera   S , Schmull   S , Assie   G , et al . High diagnostic and prognostic value of steroidogenic factor-1 expression in adrenal tumors . J Clin Endocrinol Metab   2010 ; 95 : E161 - 71 . 51. Busam   KJ , Iversen   K...
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Paraganglia and Paragangliomas

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
.... Current and emerging immunohistochemical markers have prognostic or predictive applications ( 93 , 109 , 110 ). Staining for somatostatin receptors helps triage patients for peptide radioreceptor imaging and radionuclide therapy ( fig. 9-39 ) ( 111 – 113 ). The Ki-67 proliferative fraction has been...
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Hereditary Predisposition to Adrenal Cortical Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... improved personalized prognostication . J Clin Endocrinol Metab   2018 ; 103 : 4511 - 23 . 102. Else   T , Lerario   AM , Everett   J , et al . Adrenocortical carcinoma and succinate dehydrogenase gene mutations: an observational case series . Eur J Endocrinol   2017 ; 177 : 439 - 44...
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Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... development has provided new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostication of cortical and medullary tumors, while molecular studies of tumors have provided new insights into normal development. For example, the transcription factor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), which is needed for the development...
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Prion Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other human prion diseases with tonsil biopsy samples . Lancet   1999 ; 353 : 183 - 9 . 17. Foutz   A , Appleby   BS , Hamlin   C , et al . Diagnostic and prognostic value of human prion detection in cerebrospinal fluid . Ann Neurol   2017 ; 81 : 79 - 92...
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Sexually Transmitted and Urogenital Infections

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... options, increased disease-free survival rates, increased 5-year survival rates, and decreased local recurrence rates. HPV testing in OPSCC has prognostic value; p16 is a surrogate marker of transcriptionally active HPV infection ( 37 ). P16 as a Biomarker. P16 immunohistochemistry serves as a surrogate...
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