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Images
in Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: KI-67 LABELING Figure 8-42 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: KI-67 LABELING The Ki-67 labeling index is 12.7 percent as determined by an automated image analysis algorithm. More about this image found in PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: KI-67 LABELING The Ki-67 labeling index is 12.7 percent ...
Images
in Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Figure 11-1 DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Nearly 90 percent of patients are below 5 years of age at diagnosis. The left side of each pair of columns represents male patients and the right side of each pair More about this image found in DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROBLASTOMA BY SEX AND STAGE OVER AGE Nearly 90 percent ...
Images
in Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA INTERMIXED Figure 11-19 GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA INTERMIXED This tumor had more than 50 percent of schwannian stroma and may be called stroma rich. A: There is a mixture of mature and immature elements with schwannian stroma to the lower left and upper right. B: Focus More about this image found in GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA INTERMIXED This tumor had more than 50 percent of sch...
Images
in Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
there is more than 5 percent ganglion cell differentiation and less than 50 percent schwannian stroma, tumors are classified as differentiating NB. More about this image found in DIFFERENTIATING NEUROBLASTOMA This tumor shows areas of ganglion cell diff...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... percent of cases, and in half of these (16 percent), they consisted of both cortex and medulla ( 14 ). A medullary component is usually absent in sites distant from the adrenal gland ( 7 ) and usually only cortex is present ( fig. 2-4 ). HETEROTOPIC ADRENAL CORTICAL TISSUE Figure 2-4 HETEROTOPIC ADRENAL...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
PEDIATRIC ADRENAL CORTICAL TUMOR: BENIGN Figure 6-43 PEDIATRIC ADRENAL CORTICAL TUMOR: BENIGN The tumor diffusely expressed SF1 (A). Ki-67 index (B) was 5 percent, whereas p53 was expressed in rare nuclei (C). (Same case as figs. 6-40 and 6-41 .) More about this image found in PEDIATRIC ADRENAL CORTICAL TUMOR: BENIGN The tumor diffusely expressed SF1...
Images
in Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
DIFFERENTIATING NEUROBLASTOMA Figure 11-18 DIFFERENTIATING NEUROBLASTOMA A: This 18-month-old boy with opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome had a paravertebral tumor, which was shown to be a neuroblastic tumor with more than 5 percent ganglion cell differentiation, classifying it as differentiating NB More about this image found in DIFFERENTIATING NEUROBLASTOMA A: This 18-month-old boy with opsoclonus myo...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... by primary bilateral macronodular adrenal cortical disease ( fig. 7-1 ). Their prevalence in different series varies from 25 to 55 percent ( 2 – 4 ). Around 50 percent of patients’ relatives and 30 percent of patients with apparently sporadic primary bilateral macronodular adrenal cortical disease have...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... excludes lesions found during the workup for staging of known cancers ( 1 ). With current imaging technology, the prevalence of incidentalomas is estimated at approximately 4 percent. In a compilation of 25 autopsy studies it was 6 percent ( 1 ). Adrenal incidentalomas are uncommon below age 30...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... (approximately 90 percent) of these tumors arise in patients under the age of 10 years and there is a gradual decline in incidence with increasing age ( fig. 11-1 ). Nevertheless, NBL has been described in adolescents and even in young adults, accounting for less than 5 percent of all NBL cases ( 15 ). Fewer...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... sporadic cases, cigarette smoking is the most significant etiologic factor. Tobacco use is associated with adrenal cortical neoplasia ( 9 , 10 ) and specifically with ACC ( 8 ), with a 50 percent greater risk in smokers than in nonsmokers, more significantly in males. Oral contraceptive use before age 25...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... mm in 1.5 to 5.7 percent of the population, and the incidence appears to increase with age ( 1 ). In the last decades, an increase in their incidence has been reported; this is attributed to the increasing use of computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) abdominal imaging ( 2 ). Adrenal...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... for parasympathetic paragangliomas. This contrasts with the 2017 classification ( 28 ), in which head and neck paragangliomas were coded according to their four principal anatomic locations: carotid body (40 to 60 percent), jugulotympanic (middle ear; about 30 percent), vagal (about 10 percent), and laryngeal (rare...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... (either adrenal cortical adenoma or carcinoma) appears to be the most common cause of Cushing syndrome. Overall, the most common cause of endoge-nous Cushing syndrome is an ACTH-producing pituitary tumor, the disorder known as Cushing disease. This accounts for about 70 percent of cases...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... the staging workup of a patient with a known malignancy elsewhere ( fig. 4-2 ) ( 7 ). Adrenal “incidentalomas” are reported in around 5 percent of people subjected to imaging studies ( 7 – 9 ), although not all adrenal incidentalomas are of cortical origin. Moreover, the exact prevalence of sporadic nodular...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... presentations. Among the incidental lesions, 33.34 percent had a mean delay in diagnosis of 22.95 months (4 to 120 months). Among those with symptoms, patients were younger and more often female, had larger tumors, and had higher preoperative hormone levels. Those with a genetic predisposition were the youngest...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... or survival ( 4 ). In adults, the adrenal cortex provides about 1 percent of biologically important androgens in men (most are of testicular origin), and roughly half of all androgens in women ( 11 ). Steroid biosynthesis in the adrenal gland is regulated predominantly by pituitary-derived adrenocorticotropic...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are a group of tumors with an extraordinarily high genetic predisposition. Approximately 40 percent of patients with these tumors harbor a germline mutation conveying susceptibility to the development of these and other neoplasms ( 1...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-30
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... a sensitivity of 50 to 70 percent (depending on the expertise of the reader) ( fig. 30-7 ). The identification of T. vaginalis in histologic material is difficult. Trophozoites often occur on the surface of both squamous and endocervical epithelial cells, but tend to lose their morphologic...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... to the United States for medical care. Serologic studies have shown that the virus is endemic to multiple countries in West Africa, with a human seroprevalence of over 50 percent in some regions ( 11 , 14 ). Lassa virus is carried by approximately 30 percent of the rodents of the genus Mastomys...
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