...) are innervated by visceral autonomic paraganglia, as opposed to aorticopulmonary paragangliomas, which are derived from branchial arch structures ( 61 ). As noted above, paragangliomas of the heart are sometimes referred to as pheochromocytomas when there is clinical evidence of catecholamine secretion...

... according to current morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular criteria ( 155 ). Extra-adrenal paragangliomas arise in extra-adrenal paraganglia, collections of neuroendocrine cells dispersed centripetally and symmetrically throughout the body. Up to 40 percent of patients with a paraganglioma...

... ( 10 – 14 ). Common cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of cells producing polypeptide hormones were described with the acronym APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) in 1968 by Pearse ( 3 , 11 ). Pearse proposed that some of these cells (adrenal medullary cells, paraganglia...

... paraganglia . AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology, 4th Series , Fascicle 8 . Washington DC : American Registry of Pathology ; 2007 . 49. Kobayashi   S , Coupland   RF . Two populations of microvesicles in the SGC (small granule chro-maffin) cells of the mouse adrenal medulla . Arch Histol Jpn...

... in the renal hilum, likely in association with sympathetic paraganglia ( 730 ). Others could potentially arise from renal-adrenal fusion. One patient presented with elevated serum metanephrines and another with Cushing syndrome from ACTH production, but most renal paragangliomas present without a clinically...

...) and the multilayered epithelium of ducts. PARAGANGLIA In 8 percent of radical prostatectomies, paraganglia are seen, usually in the posterolateral soft tissues, exterior to the prostate ( 14 ). Less commonly, they are found in the lateral prostatic stroma or in the bladder neck smooth muscle. Paraganglia on TURP...

... fibromuscular band, and in the prostate itself. Ganglia ( fig. 1-15 ) and paraganglia ( fig. 1-16 ) are usually found outside the gland but may also be found within it. Paraganglia are most often located in or adjacent to the lateral neurovascular bundles ( 28 ). Because ganglia and paraganglia are found inside...

... with these scores are only rarely seen as limited foci within a TURP. The finding of only one or several small foci of a cellular lesion suspicious for high-grade carcinoma should prompt a consideration of sclerosing adenosis or paraganglia. The glandular structures in sclerosing adenosis resemble those seen...

... pathology: a systematic analysis of 2500 epithelial and nonepithelial tumors . Am J Surg Pathol   2014 ; 38 : 13 - 22 . 58. Oudijk   L , de Krijger   RR , Pacak   K , Tischler   AS . Ad-renal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia . In: Mete   O , Asa   SL , eds. Endocrine...

... be called “stellate cells” ( 171 ). They are believed to have a supportive role similar to that played by the S-100 protein-positive sustentacular cells of the adrenal medulla and paraganglia. In addition, they are thought to play a role in paracrine regulation ( 172 ) and have been shown to produce...