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Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... to create a favorable host cell environment for viral replication factories (convoluted membranes, vesicle packets, and virus bags) ( fig. 3-2 ). These viral particles then disseminate hematogenously and enter the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing the blood-brain barrier. The latter occurs by means...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... in humans. In adults with central nervous system involvement, typical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings include a low cell counts (suggesting a viral infection), with variable amounts of protein. Importantly, direct Gram staining may not demonstrate organisms in up to three quarters of cases ( 5 ). In late...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-20
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... the yeasts are able to penetrate the blood brain barrier, central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a particularly serious consequence of systemic spread. Other sites of dissemination include the skin, genitourinary tract (especially the prostate gland), eye, bone, joints, muscle, endocrine organs...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-25
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... neovascularization. (Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Public Health Image Library [PHIL]) The immunocompromised typically present with reactivation of infection or severe primary infection, although the disease can be severe and even fatal in either setting. Central nervous system...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...NEUROBLASTOMA AND GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a primitive neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin that arises in anatomic sites corresponding to the distribution of the sympathoadrenal autonomic nervous system. It is subdivided into three subtypes: undifferentiated, poorly...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
HIV CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE Figure 9-7 HIV CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE A: Brain in HIV-associated dementia syndrome (HAD), with ventricular dilatation and sulcal widening. B: HIV encephalitis shows cortical white matter with multinucleated giant cell encephalitis (MGCE). C: HIV enceph... More about this image found in HIV CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE A: Brain in HIV-associated dementia syn...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
LATE-ONSET NEONATAL LISTERIOSIS Figure 11-3 LATE-ONSET NEONATAL LISTERIOSIS High-power view of a central nervous system inflammatory lesion. (Courtesy of the CDC PHIL) More about this image found in LATE-ONSET NEONATAL LISTERIOSIS High-power view of a central nervous syste...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
NOCARDIOSIS Figure 12-23 NOCARDIOSIS A central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory lesion with abscess formation (A,B), scattered beaded gram-positive Nocardia bacilli (C), and numerous single and partly clustered filamentous bacteria with a Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) stain (D). (C: courtesy of the CDC PHIL) More about this image found in NOCARDIOSIS A central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory lesion with absces...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS OF THE LUNG, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND SKIN Figure 20-3 CRYPTOCOCCOSIS OF THE LUNG, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND SKIN Variable inflammatory response ranges from granulomatous (A), lymphocytic (B), to predominantly histiocytic/foam cell (C–E), with associated fungal yeasts (F). More about this image found in CRYPTOCOCCOSIS OF THE LUNG, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND SKIN Variable infl...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS Figure 25-3 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS A: Brain histology shows necrosis and prominent mononuclear inflammation. B: An autopsy case shows prominent necrosis with minimal inflammation. More about this image found in CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS A: Brain histology shows necrosis and...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS Figure 25-4 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS Cerebral tachyzoites and cysts (A) are confirmed as T. gondii on an immunohistochemical stain (B). More about this image found in CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS Cerebral tachyzoites and cysts (A) ar...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... stained for chromogranin A. The term parasympathetic paraganglia is an anatomic designation indicating an association with a classic parasympathetic nerve rather than a physiologic definition implying a role in antagonizing sympathetic nervous system functions. With the exception of the carotid bodies...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... angiomas of the cerebellum and spine in 1927. The association of these two disorders led to the term von Hippel-Lindau disease. VHL is typically characterized by retinal angiomas; central nervous system hemangioblastomas; hemangiomas of the adrenal gland, liver, and lung; and cysts in the kidney, pancreas...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
EARLY-ONSET NEONATAL LISTERIOSIS Figure 11-2 EARLY-ONSET NEONATAL LISTERIOSIS Gram stain of lung (A) and central nervous system (B) tissue demonstrates abundant gram-positive bacillary organisms. (Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Public Health Image Library [PHIL])... More about this image found in EARLY-ONSET NEONATAL LISTERIOSIS Gram stain of lung (A) and central nervou...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...The adrenal glands are composite endocrine organs consisting of the mesodermal-derived cortex and neural crest-derived medulla. These components interact with each other, with peripheral endocrine and nonendocrine tissues, and with the central nervous system (CNS) in order to develop normally...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... associated with major central nervous system (CNS) malformations, renal agenesis, and complex cardiac anomalies ( 4 ). Renal agenesis is sometimes associated with an adrenal gland of abnormal shape, which may be oval with a smooth contour. FUSION OF ADRENAL GLANDS Figure 2-3 FUSION OF ADRENAL...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
..., early onset of tumors, and a wide variety of histologies. Core Li-Fraumeni cancers include: soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcomas, adrenal cortical carcinoma, central nervous system tumors, and breast cancer in patients under the age of 31 years ( 72 ). Family history of cancer is often mute, and germline...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
..., the term malignant angioendotheliomatosis, but was subsequently shown to be a lymphoma of large B-cell or immunoblastic type ( 109 ). The malignant cells proliferate within small vessels in most organs, but have an affinity for the central nervous system, with varied neurologic manifestations. There may...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... inflammatory lesions seen. Lymphoid System in HIV Infection. The lymphoid system consists of the spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphoid tissue in the gastrointestinal tract and lung. Additionally, all tissues (apart from the central nervous system) have some lymphoid tissue that may become reactive and prominent...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-19
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... Inhalation of fungi Pneumonia in an immunocompromised host Variable presentation, including hemoptysis and solitary pulmonary nodule Brain abscess Central nervous system Disseminated disease Seen in immunocompromised individuals Presents as a mass lesion with headaches, seizures and neurological...
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