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Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-24
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... (tuberculosis or leprosy), and parasites, as well as neoplasms such as primary cutaneous malignancies (epithelial, hematolymphoid, and mesenchymal tumors, including lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma) and skin metastases. Pathologic Findings Excised skin lesions usually grossly reveal nodular gray to tan tissue...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-22
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... is found between the primary site and regional lymph nodes, it is classified as a locoregional “in-transit” metastasis ( fig. 22-1 ). Cutaneous metastases located farther away beyond the regional node of the primary melanoma site are called “distant” metastases. MELANOMA IN-TRANSIT METASTASIS Figure 22-1...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-14
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... for patients with breast cancer ( Table 14-1 ), with categorization of metastases as either macrometastasis or micrometastasis ( 1 ). Isolated tumor cells present in the lymph node are also to be reported but do not qualify as a metastasis in the count of involved lymph nodes. Table 14-1 PATHOLOGIC...
Images
Published: 15 November 2023
PERICARDIAL METASTASES: PATTERNS Figure 27-3 PERICARDIAL METASTASES: PATTERNS Left: Metastatic breast carcinoma directly invading the pericardium and adjacent fibroadipose tissue. Right: Metastatic breast carcinoma invading the pericardial lymphatics. More about this image found in PERICARDIAL METASTASES: PATTERNS Left: Metastatic breast carcinoma directl...
Images
Published: 15 November 2023
METASTASIS BY VENOUS EXTENSION Figure 52-4 METASTASIS BY VENOUS EXTENSION Osteogenic sarcoma metastasized from the deep leg veins through the inferior vena cava and is now within the right ventricle (RV) forming a tumor embolus (yellow arrow). More about this image found in METASTASIS BY VENOUS EXTENSION Osteogenic sarcoma metastasized from the de...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-23
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... of a microsatellite is an adverse prognostic factor. In the 8th edition of the AJCC Melanoma Staging System, the presence of microsatellites indicates stage III disease, similar to a clinically-detected satellite metastases or in-transit metastases and is an N staging criterion ( 3 ). A microsatellite metastasis...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-18
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... and metastases (more than a decade after the excision of the primary tumor) and subsequent death from metastatic melanoma after two decades. The pattern of recurrence is variable, but metastases first to the liver (similar to uveal melanoma) are common. Surgical excision with a rim of normal tissue around...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-16
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... compared to those with conventional superficial spreading melanoma ( 33 ). Nonetheless, some pure DMs are lethal. They typically metastasize hematogenously. Metastases are often detected first in the lung. DM, pure and mixed variants, have been found to be associated with a propensity for local recurrence...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-19
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... melanoma or Spitz melanoma tend to have an indolent clinical course after complete excision of the tumor ( 15 , 16 ). Even among patients with bulky deep expansile tumor nodules carrying homozygous deletions of 9p21, only a minority experiences a recurrence after adequate excision. Distant metastases...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... of melanocytic naevi and melanoma metastases . Clin Exp Dermatol 2013 ; 38 : 276 - 9 . 29. Zattra E , Fortina AB , Bordignon M , Piaserico S , Alaibac M . Immunosuppression and melanocyte proliferation . Melanoma Res 2009 ; 19 : 63 - 8 . ...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... in younger patients, but the tumor may recur and metastasize a IHC = immunohistochemistry. Clinical Features. Most young patients present with a slowly enlarging, retroareolar, mobile breast mass. The age range of individuals affected is broad (2 to 89 years), and therefore the clinical...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... immunostain, or through the identification of a benign epithelial component in the case of malignant phyllodes tumor. Metastases from other sites should also be excluded before determining that a sarcoma is primary to the breast. Patients with TP53 mutation in Li-Fraumeni syndrome are predisposed...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-15
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... metastases from other sites, such as serous carcinoma from the ovary or peritoneum or metastatic melanoma (see chapter 12 ), or epithelioid-appearing tumors primary to the breast, for example, epithelioid angiosarcoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The latter three examples are ER-, PR-, and HER2...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 17
Published: 15 November 2023
10.55418/9781933477299-ch52
ISBN-10: 1-933477-29-6
ISBN: 978-1-933477-29-9
...METASTASIS BY DIRECT EXTENSION Figure 52-1 METASTASIS BY DIRECT EXTENSION Left: This mediastinal embryonal carcinoma (black asterisk) metastasized to involve the heart by directly invading the anterior right and left ventricles (RV and LV, respectively). Right: This squamous cell carcinoma...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... be a valuable tool when counseling patients. Distant metastases are almost exclusive to malignant phyllodes tumor and are reported to occur in 17 percent of those patients, but only 2 percent of all patients with phyllodes tumor ( 22 ). It has been suggested that cases of metastases reported to have occurred...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-13
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... to tumors arising in the breast parenchyma itself, and are unlikely to be associated with lymph node metastases ( 25 ). Staging and management are as for carcinomas arising in the breast parenchyma. LEIOMYOMA As at other anatomic sites with smooth muscle, leiomyomas may arise in the nipple...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... factors in breast cancer. These include patient age, tumor size (T category), histologic subtype, histologic grade, presence of lymphovascular space invasion, and lymph node metastases. Hormone receptor and HER2 status are both prognostic factors and predictive of response to therapy. Newer prognostic...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... for women, even after adjustment for stage. Differences in clinical characteristics, intrinsic subtype, and under-treatment in some patients, likely account for some of the excess mortality in men ( 29 ). METASTASIS As in women, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and lymphoma may metastasize to the male...
Images
Published: 15 November 2023
METASTASIS BY DIRECT EXTENSION Figure 52-1 METASTASIS BY DIRECT EXTENSION Left: This mediastinal embryonal carcinoma (black asterisk) metastasized to involve the heart by directly invading the anterior right and left ventricles (RV and LV, respectively). Right: This squamous cell carcinoma of th... More about this image found in METASTASIS BY DIRECT EXTENSION Left: This mediastinal embryonal carcinoma ...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... in this lesion ( 41 ). Treatment and Prognosis. In most cases of solitary fibrous tumor of the breast, surgical excision is curative. Those cases in which there are histologic features indicative of more aggressive clinical behavior have the potential to recur or metastasize. There are several risk...
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