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Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
...Index ...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-19
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... with fungal infection, which should always prompt the performance of appropriate special stains. Fungal organisms are often observed on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, however. A high index of suspicion is required in the immunocompromised, where mycoses frequently lack any granulomatous...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-15
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... the earlobe (even if no lesions are observed here). The frequency of positive results varies depending on the type of leprosy. As emphasized above, tissue and cytology samples require staining with a modified acid-fast technique for detection of lepra bacilli ( fig. 15-24 ). A bacterial index (bacilli counted...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... of the histologic evaluation of fibrosis. Detailed schemes include the Knodell histology activity index (HAI), the Ishak modification of HAI, and the METAVIR French cooperative group scheme. The reader is referred to current reference works on liver pathology for a comprehensive description of these classifications...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-27
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... symptoms of uncomplicated malaria raise a broad differential diagnosis that includes viral diseases such as influenza and dengue, as well as typhoid (enteric) fever. The most important differential diagnosis of cerebral malaria is infectious meningitis. Travel history and a high index of suspicion...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-21
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... with polyangiitis (GPA) also need to be considered. Laboratory Diagnosis A high index of clinical suspicion for paracoccidioidomycosis is pivotal to early detection of the disease. Definitive diagnosis is established by direct visualization of yeasts (using direct microscopy or histology) or isolation in culture...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-14
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... (mostly rodents), consumption of contaminated meat (particularly guinea pig meat, as in certain regions of South America), and person-to-person spread through airborne droplets. Person-to-person transmission usually occurs when the index patient (with either bubonic or septicemic plague) develops...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... percent and a specificity of 93.3 percent. PCR for measles is typically negative in CSF, as there is no productive lytic viral infection in the brain. In addition, CSF oligoclonal bands are usually positive and should not cause confusion with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The CSF IgG index...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
..., as well as PCR tissue analysis, is required. A high index of suspicion for certain occult entities, including lymphoproliferative disorders and disseminated tuberculosis, is essential to avoid missing these diagnoses. Some of the viral hepatitides are more virulent in people with HIV than...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... index, HIV infection, intravenous (IV) drug use, and individuals on hemodialysis, hospitalized patients on ventilators or with catheters in situ, and those with other immune deficiencies. Certain ethnic backgrounds, including African and indigenous Australian and Pacific island populations have a higher...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-14
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
...-3 ACRAL MELANOMA Dermoscopically, hyperpigmentation is seen in the ridge area (arrow). This pattern is referred to as “parallel ridge pattern.” Subungual melanomas typically present as a subungual pigmented patch or linear band (longitudinal melanonychia) ( 18 ). The index of suspicion...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-18
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... labeling would be unexpected for a melanoma and a high labeling index would favor melanoma, for most diagnostically challenging cases, the Ki-67 labeling index is usually just slightly increased and does not provide decisive diagnostic evidence. We have found immunohistochemistry for PRAME (preferentially...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... is variable and tends to be restricted to junctional or superficial dermal melanocytes, with a gradient of diminished to absent labeling from the papillary to the reticular dermis ( 11 ). The Ki-67 labeling index tends to be low (less than 2 percent) in most cases. Immunoreactivity for p16 is variable, from...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-17
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... index favor melanoma, but the sensitivity and specificity of these parameters for detecting nevoid melanomas is very limited. Immunohistochemistry for p16 may also be used as a guide. Complete lack of staining is worrisome for, but not proof of, melanoma as some benign melanocytic nevi lack...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... more densely cellular aggregates in the midst or near the base of a lesion ( fig. 10-6 ). Rare mitotic figures may be seen. The Ki-67 labeling index is often slightly increased. This nevus has also been termed clonal or inverted type A nevus and melanocytic nevus with focal...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... the papillary to the reticular dermis ( 20 ). The Ki-67 labeling index tends to be low (less than 2 percent) in most case, but there are exceptions, such as in actively growing nevi. Immunoreactvity for p16 is variable, from homogeneous to partial or rare absent labeling ( 21 ). Most ordinary nevi are negative...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... expression of BAP1. Loss of nuclear labeling of BAP1 in an otherwise common BN-like tumor suggests probable metastatic melanoma. Furthermore, a common BN usually does not label for Ki-67, while metastatic melanoma usually is associated with an increased Ki-67 labeling index. Sclerosing Blue Nevus versus...
Images
Published: 15 November 2023
RELATIONSHIP OF APICAL DIRECTION TO BODY HABITUS Figure 1-5 RELATIONSHIP OF APICAL DIRECTION TO BODY HABITUS Anterior views. Left: More downwardly directed apex in a tall slender adult with a body mass index (BMI) of 21.0 kg/m2. Above: More horizontally directed apex in an obese adult with a BMI of 39.0 kg/m2. Also, for both hearts, pericardial reflections are indicated (yellow arrow). More about this image found in RELATIONSHIP OF APICAL DIRECTION TO BODY HABITUS Anterior views. Left: Mo...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... cells or null-type cells, and are CD30 positive and ALK negative by immunohistochemistry. Findings in the implant capsule itself may be subtle, as the cellularity is often low in tissue sections compared with cytologic preparations. A high index of suspicion is important when examining implant capsules...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-14
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... artifactually displaced epithelium from metastatic carcinoma. Keratin immunostains are not of value. If critical to patient management it may be possible to use the biomarker profile of the index carcinoma to support interpretation as tumor cells or benign epithelium, which is helpful if the cells are proven...
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