NORMAL ADULT THYROID GLAND Figure 3-1 NORMAL ADULT THYROID GLAND Ultrasound of the normal thyroid gland shows the homogeneous nature of the parenchyma. The gland surrounds the anterior aspect of the air-filled trachea (arrow) on this transverse view. More

NORMAL ADULT THYROID GLAND Figure 3-2 NORMAL ADULT THYROID GLAND Histologic appearance of normal thyroid gland. The follicles are roughly round and lined by cuboidal cells. More

NORMAL ADULT THYROID GLAND Figure 3-3 NORMAL ADULT THYROID GLAND Thyroid gland from a 70-year-old patient. The colloid appears more flocculent and basophilic than normal. These changes are within normal limits but are more common in older individuals. More

PITUITARY GLAND: NORMAL HISTOLOGY Figure 1-1 PITUITARY GLAND: NORMAL HISTOLOGY The topographic distribution of various pituitary cell types in the adenohypophysis and the adjacent pars nervosa (PN) of the neurohypophysis. The growth hormone (GH)-producing acidophil cells are predominantly in the ... More

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND: NORMAL HISTOLOGY Figure 1-2 ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND: NORMAL HISTOLOGY Clusters of various cell types are present. A: Reticulin stain highlights the acinar clusters. B: The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained section shows a mixture of various cell types in the aci... More

PARATHYROID GLAND Figure 2-1 PARATHYROID GLAND Parathyroid glands are composed of parenchymal cells and adipose tissue. Parenchymal cells include chief cells, oncocytic/oxyphilic cells, transitional cells, and clear (water clear) cells; mixtures of cell types can be seen (A–D). Parathyroid parenc... More

HYPERCELLULAR PARATHYROID GLAND: CYSTIC CHANGE Figure 2-8 HYPERCELLULAR PARATHYROID GLAND: CYSTIC CHANGE The parathyroid glands can show hemorrhage and cystic change, particularly in larger glands and in those with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor–associated disease more so than sporadic hyperparath... More

HYPERCELLULAR PARATHYROID TISSUE: HEMOSIDERIN Figure 2-9 HYPERCELLULAR PARATHYROID TISSUE: HEMOSIDERIN Parathyroid gland showing hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition (left, right). More

PARATHYROID AMYLOID Figure 2-20 PARATHYROID AMYLOID Left: Parathyroid gland with amyloid stained with H&E. Right: Congo red shows birefringence in amyloid involving the parathyroid gland. More

RADIATION-INDUCED CHANGES TO THE THYROID GLAND Figure 3-11 RADIATION-INDUCED CHANGES TO THE THYROID GLAND A: Radiation exposure may drive the development of multiple separate microfollicular nodules, many of which show varying degrees of nuclear atypia. B: A typical feature of radiation exposure... More

SARCOIDOSIS Figure 3-15 SARCOIDOSIS Left, right: In sarcoidosis involving the thyroid gland, the granulomas are characteristically located in the collagenous connective tissue of the interstitium. This contrasts strongly with the granulomas of granulomatous subacute (de Quervains) thyroiditis, wh... More

DYSHORMONOGENETIC GOITER Figure 3-35 DYSHORMONOGENETIC GOITER A: The entire thyroid gland is abnormal. There are varying areas of hyperplasia, often with an exaggerated lobular architecture. B: Some of the nodular areas are distinct and give the low-power impression of independent growth. C: At... More

AMYLOIDOSIS OF THE THYROID GLAND Figure 3-37 AMYLOIDOSIS OF THE THYROID GLAND Left: H&E-stained section shows deposition of amorphous eosinophilic material surrounding the follicles. Right: Apple-green birefringence after Congo red staining of the amyloid under polarized light. More

NORMAL ADULT ADRENAL GLAND Figure 4-1 NORMAL ADULT ADRENAL GLAND Contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) of the upper abdomen demonstrates the normal left adrenal gland (arrow) as an inverted Y-shaped structure anterior to the upper pole of the left kidney. More

DEVELOPING FETAL ADRENAL GLAND Figure 4-2 DEVELOPING FETAL ADRENAL GLAND Provisional or fetal adrenal cortex at 3 months of develop ment shows eosinophilic adrenal cortical cells and small nodules of primitive neuroblastic cells admixed with the fetal cortex. More

NORMAL ADULT ADRENAL GLAND Figure 4-3 NORMAL ADULT ADRENAL GLAND Normal adrenal cortex and medulla in an adult shows lipid-rich cortical cells of the zona fasciculata and medullary cells with basophilic cytoplasm adjacent to the central vein. More