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Published: 01 December 2024
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: ANGIOINVASION Figure 8-47 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: ANGIOINVASION A,B: The presence of vascular invasion is a worrisome finding, but unlike in other neoplasms, it is not reliably associated with the development of metastatic disease. More about this image found in PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: ANGIOINVASION A,B: The presence of vascular invasion is ...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL “FIBROMA” Figure 12-20 ADRENAL CORTICAL “FIBROMA” A: This tumor measured about 7 mm and was an incidental finding in a patient undergoing radical nephrectomy for a clear cell renal cell carcinoma. B: The tumor is densely fibrotic with bland spindle cells and resembles an ovarian... More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL “FIBROMA” A: This tumor measured about 7 mm and was an in...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA Figure 2-13 ADRENAL CORTICAL NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA A: A large adrenal cortical tumor present on the right is seen next to hyperplastic lipid-depleted adrenal cortex and a normal adrenal medu... More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA A...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
PULMONARY PARAGANGLIOMA Figure 9-32 PULMONARY PARAGANGLIOMA A: This paraganglioma was a solitary lesion initially interpreted as an epithelial pulmonary NET. The patient was found to have a hereditary SDHC mutation. No other primary tumors were found and this tumor contained abundant sustentacular cells. In view of the clinical and histologic findings and the low metastasis frequency associated with SDHC mutation, the tumor was consistent with a primary pulmonary paraganglioma. B: High magnification shows nested architecture and cells of varied sizes. C: S-100 protein highlights sustentacular cells. More about this image found in PULMONARY PARAGANGLIOMA A: This paraganglioma was a solitary lesion initia...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
MEDIAL ASPECT OF DEVELOPING ADRENAL GLAND IN HUMAN FETUS Figure 1-9 MEDIAL ASPECT OF DEVELOPING ADRENAL GLAND IN HUMAN FETUS Coronal section of fetal adrenal gland shows close association with developing sympathetic plexus (on far left). Small nests of primitive sympathetic cells (white arrows) a... More about this image found in MEDIAL ASPECT OF DEVELOPING ADRENAL GLAND IN HUMAN FETUS Coronal section o...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... seen in surgical material since it is more frequently treated by medical therapy. SPORADIC NODULAR ADRENAL CORTICAL DISEASE Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Findings.  Sporadic nodular adrenal cortical disease is characterized by clinically nonfunctioning nodules made...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... differentiated, and differentiating, on the basis of specific histopathologic criteria (see below in Microscopic Findings). Ganglioneuroblastoma (GNBL) is a closely related neoplasm showing variable cytodifferentiation into ganglion cells, accompanied by a spindle cell schwannian stroma. There are two...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... with compact, eosinophilic cytoplasm, similar to those of the zona reticularis ( fig. 2-12 ); these morphologic findings, however, may vary if the patient is partially treated with exogenous corticosteroids. This lipid depletion contributes, in large measure, to the dark color of the glands. With partial...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... variable clinical presentations. It may be an incidental finding, or may cause signs and symptoms related to the presence of an abdominal mass. Some present with clinically overt metastatic disease or features of hormone hypersecretion ( 34 ). These different clinical scenarios require a multidisciplinary...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... cortical adenomas, with special reference to nonfunctioning adenomas, account for most adrenal “incidentalomas.” A large retrospective surgical series, however, showed that when an appropriate endocrinologic workup is performed, up to 50 percent of these so-called incidental findings are recognized...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... possibly death. Epidemiology The first report of a pheochromocytoma was likely by Charles Sugrue who in 1800 described the clinical findings and gross appearance of bilateral adrenal tumors ( 14 ). In 1886, Felix Fraenkel reported the case of a young woman named Minna Roll who died suddenly...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... is important both in helping to discriminate pathologic findings from normal anatomic variants ( 1 ) and for increasing awareness of variants such as adrenal cortical ectopia and fusions that can be diagnostic pitfalls, occasionally mimicking neoplasms. Molecular identification of factors that regulate adrenal...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... tomography (PET) scan may be required to identify an occult source. Pathologic Findings. Careful gross dissection of the adrenal glands, with removal of all periadrenal connective tissue and fat, is necessary for the accurate determination of the size and weight of the gland. In patients with pituitary ACTH...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... ). Patients undergoing surgical resection of adrenal myelolipomas are typically asymptomatic or have a variety of nonspecific complaints or findings, such as abdominal pain or discomfort, flank pain, or loin pain. Approximately 5 percent have a palpable abdominal mass ( 14 ). A potential complication of large...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of primary aldosteronism also includes other genes. Germline ARMC5 variants are associated with primary aldosteronism by some authors ( 39 ) but not by others ( 40 ). Additional genes include PDE2A, PDE3B ( 41 ), and ATP2B4 ( 42 ). These findings indicate that the overall genetic...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... Findings). Nevertheless, several generalizations apply. Most patients with sympathetic paragangliomas show signs and symptoms of catecholamine excess ( 54 , 55 ), and almost all show increased levels of normetanephrine and/or methoxytyramine, the metabolites of norepinephrine and dopamine, respectively...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... immunohistochemical stain, the technical aspects of tissue fixation and stain optimization can result in false positive or false negative results, and the use of biomarkers is not intended to replace molecular genetic testing, but can be helpful to interpret clinical findings and guide such testing. In labs with well...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS Figure 3-49 VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS The histopathologic findings are nonspecific and include perivascular cuffing by mononuclear cells and glial nodules, as seen in this mild case of herpes simplex encephalitis (A: courtesy of the CDC PHIL) and enterovirus encephalitis (B: courtesy ... More about this image found in VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS The histopathologic findings are nonspecific and includ...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS Figure 12-4 PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS A: Gross findings show a purulent subarachnoidal exudate. (Courtesy of the CDC PHIL) B,C: Microscopy shows a dense leptomeningeal neutrophil infiltration (B) and immunohistochemical staining (C) confirms the presence of large numbers of S. pneumoniae organisms in the infiltrate. (Courtesy of the CDC Infectious Disease Pathology Branch [IDPB]) More about this image found in PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS A: Gross findings show a purulent subarachnoidal e...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS Figure 13-9 INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS EAEC findings on endoscopic biopsy are closely mimicked by Brachyspira spp organisms (A) and may be confused with an exaggerated colonic epithelial brush border in mild cases. The bacteria in intestinal spirochetosis are also gram negative (B), but unlike EAEC have a more wiry, spiralled morphology and are positive with silver staining (such as Warthin-Starry) (C). A novel finding is the cross reactivity of Brachyspira spp with T. pallidum immunohistochemistry (D). (Courtesy of Dr. E. Montgomery, University of Miami, Miami, FL) More about this image found in INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS EAEC findings on endoscopic biopsy are closely mi...