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Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... excludes lesions found during the workup for staging of known cancers ( 1 ). With current imaging technology, the prevalence of incidentalomas is estimated at approximately 4 percent. In a compilation of 25 autopsy studies it was 6 percent ( 1 ). Adrenal incidentalomas are uncommon below age 30...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... value, however, is called into question and may fail to maintain statistical significance in multivariable analysis ( 149 ). The modified Weiss score restricts the number of parameters to 5, excluding diffuse architecture, nuclear grade, and vascular and sinusoidal invasion, and was aimed at simplifying...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... is mostly related to the incidental discovery of an adrenal mass on radiologic imaging. As discussed above, a complete physical, radiologic, and endocrinologic evaluation is mandatory to exclude subclinical hormone hypersecretion. Many nonfunctioning tumors are capable of taking up radiolabeled steroid...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... c Multiple aldosterone-producing nodules and micronodules Variable, multiple nodules or macronodules (sometimes mixed) Variable, multiple nodules or macronodules (sometimes mixed) Positive with variable intensity c a Adrenal cortical adenoma and carcinoma excluded. b...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...) <1% Carcinomas in childhood, Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma Primary macronodular adrenal disease (excluding MEN1 b , HLRCC, and FAP) ARMC5 (PDE11A rare) Primary macronodular adrenal disease <1% — Primary micronodular adrenal...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... on the outer aspect. Occasionally, there is a trabecular or whorled appearance, reminiscent of a leiomyoma. In some cases, particularly in children, GN should be carefully examined to exclude stromarich GNBL, which may grossly and microscopically resemble GN. Adrenal GN may be sharply circumscribed...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... alter the histoarchitecture is sclerosis. In one recent study ( 75 ), some degree of sclerosis, defined by broad bands of fibrosis between tumor cells and excluding central fibrotic scars, was present in approximately 50 percent of paragangliomas and involved 60 percent or more of tumor area in 13...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HSIL Figure 9-42 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HSIL A: Atrophy with reactive atypia and negative p16 immunohistochemistry (inset) excludes HSIL. B: Immature squamous metaplasia and negative p16 (inset) excludes HSIL. More about this image found in DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HSIL A: Atrophy with reactive atypia and negativ...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
USE OF SPECIAL STAINS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Figure 1-2 USE OF SPECIAL STAINS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES A,B: Bone marrow H&E (A) and Grocott methenamine silver (B) stains. The latter shows numerous budding Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts. C–E: H&E stain (C,D) on a pituitary gland specimen showing histologic findings suspicious for tissue pathogens. A strongly positive von Kossa calcium stain (E), however, confirms the suspicious deposits as calcifications and excludes infectious microorganisms. More about this image found in USE OF SPECIAL STAINS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES A,B: Bone ma...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... HISTOPATHOLOGY Routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections still remain the most important triage tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease pathology. An H&E stain is indispensable for confirming an inflammatory/infectious process, while readily excluding the possibility of neoplastic...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-29
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... possible transmission through transfusion. For this purpose, one positive immunoassay is adequate to exclude the donor ( 2 ). Nifurtimox and benzimidazole treatment for 2 to 3 months is the usual therapy, with different guidelines available for determining who to treat ( 6 ). Cure rates are 50 to 80...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... marrow HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) Kidney HIV enteropathy and gut mucosal ulceration Infections and tumors excluded a IRIS = indicates a significant propensity to develop, or result from, the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after commencing HAART. b Conditions...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-26
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... differential diagnosis is broad. Other infectious causes, particularly bacterial dysentery due to Shigella, Salmonella, and Campylobacter spp as well as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli need to be excluded. In untreated cases, infection can last for weeks to years and is typically...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... in most cases to establish a specific etiologic agent, as well as to exclude other causes of myocarditis. Peripheral blood samples are recommended in conjunction with EMB to define the causative agent in infectious myocarditis as viral. Bacterial cultures, appropriate serology, and molecular testing...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-23
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
.... Protozoans such as Toxoplasma and Leishmania spp, as well as Trypanosoma cruzi, also need to be excluded, in the appropriate clinical setting. If necrosis associated with the granulomas is minimal or absent, noninfectious granulomatous disorders such as sarcoidosis should...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... to be excluded, and if dementia is present, it must be of less than 2 years’ duration. Table 2-2 summarizes specific clinical presentations of the human spongiform encephalopathies ( 12 ). Table 2-2 CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF HUMAN SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Disease Presentation Kuru Unsteady gait...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-17
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... their function and inhibiting the respiratory burst, decreasing acidification, inhibiting lysosomal fusion, and excluding entry of cathepsin D. The organisms then translocate from the phagosome to the cytoplasm and multiply. This replication in the cytosol is dependent on the Francisella pathogenicity...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-13
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... the respective infectious pathogens. In a small percentage of individuals (less than 5 percent), GIT symptoms persist for longer than 1 month and may require more extensive workup in order to exclude an elusive infectious (particularly parasitic) etiology, as well as an underlying noninfectious GIT disorder...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-15
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... other than tuberculosis (MOTT), or atypical mycobacteria are all terms that collectively refer to the large group of mycobacterial organisms (excluding M. tuberculosis [tuberculosis], M. leprae [leprosy], and M. ulcerans [Buruli ulcer]) that are associated...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-22
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... of an inflammatory response and typical pathogenic forms of the fungus does not, however, reliably exclude clinically significant infection. This is especially relevant in sites where the organism is a known commensal, as well as in the floor of gastrointestinal ulcers and the esophagus ( fig. 22-8 ) ( 16...
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