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CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

in Overview > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS Figure 19-4 CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS More about this image found in CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS
Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Nodular Diseases

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... phospholipid-containing whorls, called “spironolactone bodies,” are often found in aldosterone-producing cells and have historically been used as an aid to diagnosis ( fig. 4-31 ). They are not seen in patients treated with the newer drug eplerenone ( 59 ). SPIRONOLACTONE BODIES Figure 4-31 SPIRONOLACTONE...
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Book Chapter

Hereditary Predisposition to Adrenal Cortical Lesions

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... with drug-resistant hypertension. Different genotypes are associated with clinical variability. For example, patients with the G151E variant show a milder phenotype, with less pronounced nodular disease, explained by enhanced sodium conductance of the channel encoded by the mutated gene and high cell...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... cells; the peritumoral adrenal cortex is not atrophic. In the aldosterone-producing adenomas of patients treated with spironolactone, the drug may cause the formation of eosinophilic, concentrically laminated, electron-dense inclusions, called spironolactone bodies, both in the tumor and in the adjacent...
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Book Chapter

Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... chromatography-mass spec trometry is the preferred assay method since it is more specific than immunoassays, which can underestimate values and may have interference from drugs. Dietary amines can increase plasma free and urinary 3-methoxytyramine but do not alter plasma or urinary free metanephrines...
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Book Chapter

Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... (1993-2010) . Cancer Science   2018 ; 109 : 422 - 34 . 18. Berthold   F , Spix   C , Kaatsch   P , Lampert   F . Incidence, survival, and treatment of localized and metastatic neuroblastoma in Germany 1979-2015 . Pediatr Drugs   2017 ; 19 : 577 - 93 . 19. Isaevska   E...
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Book Chapter

Other Adrenal Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... hemorrhage is also associated with anticoagulant drugs and with the phospholipid antibody syndrome, where it may present with bilateral hemorrhagic infarction ( 78 ). ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE IN WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME Figure 12-22 ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE IN WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME A: Low...
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Book Chapter

Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of these tumors. This is occurring in step with a comparably expanding array of applications, including differential diagnosis, functional characterization, risk stratification, identification of drug targets, and screening for hereditary disorders ( 71 ). Challenges for pathologists are to determine which...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...   PK , Mahata   S , et al . Mitotic checkpoint defects: en route to cancer and drug resistance . Chromosome Res   2021 ; 29 : 131 - 44 . 129. Abdelnabi   M , Almaghraby   A , Saleh   Y , Abd El-Samad   S . Right atrial and ventricular invasion by adrenal carcinoma: a case...
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Images

IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME (IRIS), MYCOBACTERIUM-A...

in Sexually Transmitted and Urogenital Infections > Pathology of Non-Helminth Infectious Diseases
Published: 01 September 2024
IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME (IRIS), MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX (MAC) Figure 9-29 IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME (IRIS), MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX (MAC) A: Mesenteric lymph node from a patient on HAART and anti-MAC drugs. Note the abundant macrophages and lymphocytes. B: Granuloma formation and T-cell infiltrate on CD4 immunohistochemical stain. C: Ziehl-Neelsen stain shows masses of fragmented acid-fast bacilli within macrophages. (Courtesy of the JPC) More about this image found in IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME (IRIS), MYCOBACTERIUM-A...
Book Chapter

Sexually Transmitted and Urogenital Infections

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... (replication enzymes: reverse transcriptase, integrase, and proteases): these provide the basis for diagnostic testing and drug treatment ( 1 ). HIV infection has been a major global health challenge for over 40 years. Although the syndrome was first described in the United States in 1981, transmission began...
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Book Chapter

Heart

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-16
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
..., is the most frequently affected. Involvement of the right side of the heart is usually associated with intravenous (IV) drug use, central venous catheters or a cardiac device, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or congenital disease. Worldwide, the most frequent risk factor for infective...
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Book Chapter

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... Hepatocellular carcinoma Antivirals (tenofivir, entecavir and pegylated interferon) Hepatitis C (HCV) Flaviviridae Positive-strand RNA 55 nm in diameter 6 major and 1 minor genotype Parenteral via blood and bodily fluids (especially IV drug use) Perinatal and sexual transmission much less common than HBV...
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Book Chapter

Systemic Infections

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-27
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... the alkaloid quinine is derived) dates as far back as the 17th century. Newer drugs, including chloroquine, mefloquine, and artemisinin were developed in the 20th century, but P. falciparum has quickly developed resistance to these drugs. Current treatment regimens are determined mainly...
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Book Chapter

Central Nervous System

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-25
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... the mother early and prevent congenital toxoplasmosis ( 2 ). Treatment of active T. gondii infection depends on the clinical setting. Current antimicrobials are predominantly used for symptomatic patients and are primarily effective against the rapidly dividing tachyzoites. These drugs include...
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Book Chapter

Overview

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-19
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... DRUGS Figure 19-4 CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS The first step in the identification and morphologic classification of fungi on microscopy in tissue or cellular material is differentiating bone fide fungal organisms from artefactual mimics. The latter include extraneous plant material...
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Book Chapter

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-30
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS The prevalence of trichomoniasis varies greatly by population and geographic region. Risk factors for infection include multiple sexual partners, commercial sex work, other concomitant STDs, incarceration, intravenous drug use, bacterial vaginosis, and cigarette smoking...
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Book Chapter

Respiratory Tract

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... index, HIV infection, intravenous (IV) drug use, and individuals on hemodialysis, hospitalized patients on ventilators or with catheters in situ, and those with other immune deficiencies. Certain ethnic backgrounds, including African and indigenous Australian and Pacific island populations have a higher...
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Book Chapter

Gastrointestinal Tract

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-13
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
...-toxin–producing organisms), toxic megacolon, and rarely, lethal toxic encephalopathy (Ekiri syndrome) ( 23 ). Laboratory Diagnosis Stool microbiologic cultures remain the gold standard and enable speciation, serotyping, drug susceptibility testing, and epidemiologic study. NAATs and molecular testing...
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Book Chapter

Gastrointestinal Tract

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-22
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... and antimicrobial therapy. The altered disease spectrum includes an increased incidence of invasive and disseminated candidiasis, more frequent infections by non-C. albicans species (such as C. inconspicua, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis), and increasing drug resistance...
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