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Figure 1-47

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CORRELATES OF CORTICAL ZONATION At low magnification, cell...

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in Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands > Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CORRELATES OF CORTICAL ZONATION Figure 1-47 ULTRASTRUCTURAL CORRELATES OF CORTICAL ZONATION At low magnification, cells of the zona glomerulosa (A) contain sparse lipid and have round to oval mitochondria with lamellar cristae. Cells of the zona fasciculata (B) contain many large More about this image found in ULTRASTRUCTURAL CORRELATES OF CORTICAL ZONATION At low magnification, cell...
Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Nodular Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... correlations have subclassified PBMAD using histologic criteria. Violon et al. ( 30 ) proposed four histopathologic subtypes of PBMAD by combining cytomorphology (proportion of clear, compact, and oncocytic cells) and architecture (fibrous septa formation within nodules, residual adrenal cortex). Subtype 1...
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Book Chapter

Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... the first 8 weeks postovulation into 23 stages on the basis of morphologic development. While the system is not directly dependent on embryonic age or size, it correlates roughly with age, crown rump length, and main external characteristics, and allows for standardized assessments of growth and development...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... ). Similar black to brown areas are also observed focally in conventional adenomas. Irregular foci of dark discoloration also may be seen frequently in adrenal cortical adenomas, and correlate with the presence of recent or old hemorrhage, areas of lipid-depletion within the tumor, or the presence...
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Book Chapter

Clinicopathologic Features of the Adrenal Cortex

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... zonation with slight expansion of the zona reticularis. In the early stages of Cushing disease, it may be difficult to recognize adrenal hyperplasia without clinical/endocrinologic correlation, since the extent to which lipid-rich cells of the zona fasciculata are converted to compact lipid-poor cells...
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Book Chapter

Paraganglia and Paragangliomas

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... 40 percent of paragangliomas, however, are hereditary, and there are strong phenotype correlations with different susceptibility genes (see chapter 10 ). It is therefore difficult to ascertain the contributions of genotype versus anatomic site to the reported clinical characteristics of sympathetic...
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Book Chapter

Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... be the result of intratumoral heterogeneity leading to discordant results in primary versus metastatic lesions ( 104 ). This occurrence decreases the sensitivity of FDG-PET compared to CT in the detection of metastases ( 105 ). The degree of FDG-PET uptake does not correlate with survival of patients ( 106...
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Other Adrenal Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of melanocytic markers in PEComas is associated with TSC2 alterations or TFE3 fusions, which are also the main drivers of tumor development, but a one to one correlation is not always present ( 45 ). Nuclear immunoreactivity for TFE3 protein and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH...
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Book Chapter

Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... as differentiating NB. Some NBLs show large cell histology, anaplasia, or foci of spindle-shaped cells, which may resemble those of other childhood tumors, such as rhabdomyosarcoma ( figs. 11-15 – 11-17 ) ( 46 , 47 ). No clinical or prognostic correlations of such alternative histology are known, although two large...
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Book Chapter

Hereditary Predisposition to Adrenal Cortical Lesions

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of reported cases quoted above, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation that needs to be further investigated. The pathologic and clinical characteristics of adrenal cortical carcinomas associated with Lynch syndrome are poorly defined and need to be evaluated in future studies. In a recent report...
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Book Chapter

Congenital Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... ). The molecular genetic underpinnings of BWS consist of variable alterations in clusters of imprinted genes in the 11p15 region, and BWS patients segregate into subgroups in which the type and severity of disease manifestation correlate with molecular mechanism ( 50 , 54 ). Uniparental disomy and somatic...
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Book Chapter

Familial and Syndrome-Related Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... that manifest with PPGLs ( 2 - 4 ). Table 10-1 provides a summary of the genes, their chromosomal locations, the syndromes to which they give rise, the most common PPGL locations, and other associated lesions. Genotype-phenotype correlations have been identified that allow the classification of these tumors...
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Book Chapter

Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... correlate of metastatic behavior ( 81 ). Even tumors that rank low on the scoring system have metastatic disease in almost 4 percent of cases ( 80 ). PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: CELLULARITY Figure 8-50 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: CELLULARITY Increased cellularity due to crowded small tumor cells is a histologic feature...
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Book Chapter

Overview

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-19
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... J Clin Pathol   2009 ; 131 : 364 - 75 . 2. Patel   AJ , Gattuso   P , Reddy   VB . Diagnosis of blastomycosis in surgical pathology and cytopathology: correlation with microbiologic culture . Am J Surg Pathol   2010 ; 34 : 256 - 61 . 3. Guarner   J , Brandt   ME...
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Book Chapter

Introduction and Methods

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
..., paraffin-embedded tissues by using 16S sequencing: retrospective correlation of results to clinicians’ responses . Hum Pathol   2017 ; 59 : 132 - 8 . 10. Muñoz-Cadavid   C , Rudd   S , Zaki   S , et al . Improving molecular detection of fungal DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded...
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Book Chapter

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... and DNA polymerase after accidental needlestick exposure . N Engl J Med   1976 ; 295 : 909 - 13 . 7. Stevens   CE , Neurath   RA , Beasley   RP , Szmuness   W . HBeAg and anti-HBe detection by radioimmunoassay: correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan . J...
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Book Chapter

Sexually Transmitted and Urogenital Infections

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... Ploidy Polyploidy, manifested as bi- or multinucleation Majority are aneuploid; abnormal mitotic figures are a good correlate a Data from references 52 and 53 . Table 9-7 DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPORTANT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) TYPES a Disease Associated HPV Type...
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Book Chapter

Gastrointestinal Tract

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-22
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... of their typical morphology. Careful correlation with relevant microbiologic findings is thus always indicated. The morphologic diagnosis of Candida and Candida-like yeasts can be problematic in skin and nail infections, where dermatophytes and Malasezzia spp. (pityriasis versicolor...
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Book Chapter

Prion Diseases

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... a somewhat floral appearance to the plaques, which is most often seen in variant CJD. The type of PrPSc deposition and other pathologic features correlate with the classification, based on amino acid polymorphisms in codon 129 ( 9 ). The abnormal protein is also demonstrated using...
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Book Chapter

Central Nervous System

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Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... system through molecular mimicry. Also, the endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide that triggers secretion of cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα), induces signaling of TLR4, and leads to endothelial damage resulting in capillary leakage. There is a direct correlation between the severity of disease and amount...
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