... Klinefelter syndrome and other conditions associated with chromosomal abnormalities Androgen insensitivity syndrome In testes with marked tubular atrophy and sclerosis, Leydig cells may appear hyperplastic, forming nodular aggregates or growing diffusely and occupying much of the parenchyma. Although...

...-chromosome material ( 6 , 7 ). A number of additional gonadoblastoma-predisposing genetic conditions, which are associated with impaired testicular development, include Denys-Drash and Frasier syndromes (both associated with point mutations in WT1), Swyer syndrome (associated with mutations...

... gynecomastia. There are other, rarer paraneoplastic manifestations of testicular tumors. Exophthalmos is associated with seminoma and, although some cases are attributable to a Grave disease-like condition because of the TSH-like activity caused by the hCG elevations that occur with some seminomas, others...

...  Splenic-gonadal fusion  Inflammatory conditions   Infections (bacterial, viral, granulomatous malakoplakia), noninfectious orchitis/epididymitis(idiopathic granulomatous orchitis, ischemic epididymitis, sarcoidosis, autoimmune)   Vasculitis  Miscellaneous others Prior classifications...

... associated with several conditions, many of which were present at birth ( Table 4-1 ), including testicular maldescent, neonatal jaundice, high birth weight, low birth weight, high placental weight, high maternal socioeconomic status, dizygotic twinship, maternal hyperemesis gravidarum, and first-born status...

.... Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis ( 213 – 215 ) is a non-neoplastic condition that usually does not present as a mass, unlike benign neoplasms. It characteristically retains the arborizing configuration of the normal rete testis, although in an expanded fashion, with columnar cells lining...

... these important features, most patients with Sertoli cell tumors lack any known predisposing conditions or unusual clinical associations, and present with a testicular mass. Although some types of Sertoli cell tumor manifest endocrine abnormalities, studies of hormonal production by these tumors are rare ( 79...

... differentiation. It may be an isolated finding initially, present simultaneously with acute myeloid leukemia or other myeloproliferative disorders, precede the development of these conditions, or be a manifestation of relapse in previously treated patients ( 67 ). In a systematic review of a United States...

... a century ago, with claims of its safety and comparable yield relative to biopsy, yet it has not gained significant use ( 53 – 57 ). The principal cell types in cytologic specimens of the normal human seminiferous epithelium are easily identifiable, and assessment regarding specific conditions is accurate...

...Reactive conditions involving the serosal membranes are common and vary from diffuse predominantly inflammatory disorders to more specific and sometimes localized fibrotic disorders. The serosal membranes are also common sites for the presentation of certain systemic diseases. It is, therefore...

... are separated by gaps to communicate with the underlying lymphatic vessels ( 10 , 11 ). In surgical specimens, mesothelial cells are often cuboidal and either partly or completely denuded ( fig. 1-1C ), secondary to pathologic conditions or handling. NORMAL SEROSAL MEMBRANES Figure 1-1 NORMAL SEROSAL...

..., and may be a life-threatening condition. Microscopic Findings The same principles of microscopy and immunohistochemistry, discussed in relation to the pleura, apply to metastatic carcinomas affecting the peritoneum. Lymphoma can also diffusely involve the abdomen, including visceral organs and serosal...

... of the CDKN2A locus in reactive conditions has made this molecular alteration a valuable diagnostic tool. Several studies ( 145 , 221 – 223 ) have shown an absence of homozygous deletions in reactive conditions, and deletions rates from 60 to 85 percent in pleural mesotheliomas. Peritoneal mesotheliomas have...

...Table 12-2 MAJOR CAUSES OF BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME Common Causes Uncommon Causes Inherited thrombophilic disorders Inflammatory conditions  Factor V Leiden mutation  Behcet disease  Prothrombin mutation  Hypereosinophilic syndrome  Antithrombin III deficiency  Granulomatous...

... in 5 percent of adults with CVID in one series ( 8 ) Primary sclerosing cholangitis Hepatopulmonary syndrome secondary to cryptogenic liver disease Portal hypertension, generally due to nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) Cirrhosis Liver failure Table 13-1 LIVER CONDITIONS IN INBORN...

... Pattern SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS WITH MILD NONSPECIFIC HEPATITIS TREATMENT PROGNOSIS ADULT GIANT CELL HEPATITIS Overlap Between Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Wilson Disease Autoimmune Hepatitis-Like Drug-Induced Liver Injury DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Viral Hepatitis...

...Table 11-1 TIME COURSE OF MAJOR CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE LIVER ALLOGRAFT Post-Transplantation Period Time after Transplantation Major Diagnoses Notes Time zero Postreperfusion; minutes to hours Preexisting donor conditions Preservation/reperfusion injury Early Up to 1 month...

... develop progressive liver disease. Patients presenting in adolescence or adulthood have less severe disease, with ocular abnormalities and sensorineural hearing deficits the most common associated conditions ( 207 ). Some degree of developmental delay is common although some patients have normal...

... 40-60 20-60 Clinical associations Inflammatory bowel disease (80%) Sjogren syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, systemic sclerosis Other autoimmune conditions (40%) Liver enzyme elevationpattern “Biliary” with ALK phos/GGT ^a predominate “Biliary” with ALK phos/GGT predominate...

...   C , Viranuvatti   V . Salmonella hepatitis . J Gastroenterol Hepatol   1998 ; 13 : 745 – 50 . 59. Ali   R , Ahmed   S , Qadir   M , Atiq   H , Hamid   M . Salmonella cholecystitis: atypical presentation of a typical condition . J Coll Physicians Surg Pak   2013 ; 23...