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Figure 6-22
Published: 01 December 2024
LARGE VESSEL INVASION IN ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA Figure 6-22 LARGE VESSEL INVASION IN ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA This ACC caused almost complete occlusion of the lumen of the inferior vena cava. The tumor shows extensive necrosis. One portion is attached to the wall of the vein. A few areas More about this image found in LARGE VESSEL INVASION IN ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA This ACC caused almost...
Images
Figure 8-40
Published: 01 December 2024
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PRODUCING ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) AND CAUSING CUSHING SYNDROME Figure 8-40 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PRODUCING ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) AND CAUSING CUSHING SYNDROME A: The adrenal cortex is markedly thickened and lipid depleted. B: The tumor is a highly vascular More about this image found in PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PRODUCING ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) AND CAUSING C...
Images
Figure 11-3
Published: 01 December 2024
PARAVERTEBRAL DUMB-BELL NEUROBLASTOMA CAUSING SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION AND NEUROLOGIC IMPAIRMENT Figure 11-3 PARAVERTEBRAL DUMB-BELL NEUROBLASTOMA CAUSING SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION AND NEUROLOGIC IMPAIRMENT Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) at diagnosis. The primary tumor More about this image found in PARAVERTEBRAL DUMB-BELL NEUROBLASTOMA CAUSING SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION AND N...
Images
Figure 8-41
Published: 01 December 2024
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PRODUCING GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (GHRH) AND CAUSING ACROMEGALY Figure 8-41 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PRODUCING GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (GHRH) AND CAUSING ACROMEGALY The presentation of this patient with acromegaly prompted staining of the tumor for GHRH; the tumor More about this image found in PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PRODUCING GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (GHRH) AND CAUS...
Images
Figure 3-1
Published: 01 December 2024
CUSHING SYNDROME Figure 3-1 CUSHING SYNDROME The clinical features of this disorder (left) can be caused by pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) excess (top right), ectopic ACTH causing massive adrenal hyperplasia (right middle), or primary adrenal disease (bottom right). (From Netter FH More about this image found in CUSHING SYNDROME The clinical features of this disorder (left) can be caus...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
..., and sex steroids. Excess glucocorticoids give rise to Cushing syndrome, mineralocorticoid excess causes Conn syndrome, and sex steroid excess results in virilization or more rarely, feminization. A mixed endocrine syndrome can result from a combination of glucocorticoid and sex steroid secretion...
Images
Figure 9-28
Published: 01 December 2024
VAGAL PARAGANGLIOMA Figure 9-28 VAGAL PARAGANGLIOMA Pseudopapillary architecture resulting from intra operative hemorrhage causes this paraganglioma to resemble a papillary carcinoma. More about this image found in VAGAL PARAGANGLIOMA Pseudopapillary architecture resulting from intra oper...
Images
Figure 11-12
Published: 01 December 2024
UNDIFFERENTIATED NEUROBLASTOMA Figure 11-12 UNDIFFERENTIATED NEUROBLASTOMA Closely packed, poorly differentiated neuroblasts form solid sheets. Patterns such as this may cause confusion with other childhood neoplasms such as malignant lymphoma. Most nuclei have a single, small nucleolus More about this image found in UNDIFFERENTIATED NEUROBLASTOMA Closely packed, poorly differentiated neuro...
Images
Figure 1-30
Published: 01 December 2024
LIPID DEPLETION IN CORTICAL CELLS NORMALLY RICH IN CYTOPLASMIC LIPID Figure 1-30 LIPID DEPLETION IN CORTICAL CELLS NORMALLY RICH IN CYTOPLASMIC LIPID There is distortion of the zona fasciculata caused by patchy lipid depletion. In some areas, lipid is absent in the outer cortex but prominent More about this image found in LIPID DEPLETION IN CORTICAL CELLS NORMALLY RICH IN CYTOPLASMIC LIPID There...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of the nonhereditary McCune-Albright syndrome, a germline disorder caused by postzygotic somatic GNAS mutation mosaicism ( 1 ). Heterozygous germline mutations of the armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) gene are the most frequent molecular alterations associated with hypercortisolism caused...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... be associated with cortisol hypersecretion and primary aldosteronism, or are biochemically and clinically nonfunctioning lesions. Adrenal cortical nodular diseases may be congenital or acquired. The identification of germline and sporadic alterations causing adrenal cortical nodular diseases associated...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... ). The genetic alterations are most often hereditary, giving rise to familial disease that can involve only PPGL formation, but usually is associated with other disorders. Some are nonhereditary disorders that cause syndromic manifestations. At least 20 genes have been implicated in familial disorders...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions cause enlargement of the adrenal glands. Aside from cortical and chromaffin cell tumors, the neoplasms most often encountered are primary benign or malignant tumors arising from non-endocrine cell types that reside in the normal adrenal gland...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... with a benign proliferative lesion, potentially causing diagnostic confusion ( fig. 2-9 ). Examples of adrenal cortical neoplasms in unusual sites include adrenal cortical carcinoma arising in liver, kidney, scrotum, and spinal cord ( 21 ). There is also one report of pheochromocytoma arising in ectopic adrenal...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... Institute of Pathology (AFIP) adrenal gland Fascicle and was intended to prevent confusion caused by promiscuous diagnoses of paraganglioma ( 6 ). Until recently, however, it did little to prevent inconsistent diagnoses of “pheochromocytoma” ( 7 ). Acceptance of the arbitrary distinction between...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
..., PRKAR1A, PRKAR1B, GNAS1, CTNNB1; about 50% with unknown molecular alterations Unknown molecular alterations CTNNB1 (most frequent); about 50% with unknown molecular alterations Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma Aldosterone secretion by an adrenal cortical adenoma is the main cause...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... studies. Alcohol consumption is associated with reduced risk in males ( 8 ). Environmental causes, while not considered as relevant as hereditary predisposition ( 13 ), also play a role. For example, in Brazil, TP53 R337H carriers living in an agricultural region had a lower risk of developing...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... cardiovascular function postnatally ( 16 , 20 ). Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2A (EPAS1), which is critically implicated in the pathobiology of “pseudohypoxic” pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas caused by succinate dehydrogenase mutations ( 21 ), is developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... and reproductive development, but loss of SF1 function only rarely causes adrenal insufficiency, most often in combination with testicular dysgenesis, while X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita is associated with loss of DAX1 function ( 2 , 13 , 22 ). Wnt/β-catenin signaling is later involved in maintaining...
Images
Figure 14-2
Published: 01 September 2024
BRUCELLOSIS Figure 14-2 BRUCELLOSIS Mechanisms by which Brucella spp cause disease in animals and transmission routes to humans. More about this image found in BRUCELLOSIS Mechanisms by which Brucella spp cause diseas...