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Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-6
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... others ( 178 , 179 ). Differential Diagnosis. Granulation tissue and reactive spindle cell lesions, especially after radiation treatment, can pose diagnostic challenges, most specifically for cases of SCSCC that are keratin negative and for cases that exhibit borderline atypia. Histologically, compared...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... are for mycobacterial therapies (tuberculosis) generally, and targeted if resistance is detected. Concurrent treatment for Kaposi sarcoma if synchronously present also influences patient management and outcome ( 494 ). BORDERLINE SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASMS Glomangiopericytoma Definition.  Glomangiopericytoma...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 22
Published: 01 June 2025
10.55418/9781933477619-8
ISBN: 978-1-933477-61-9
... , Wilkinson   EJ . Cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen expression in angiosarcomas: an immunohistochemical study of 33 cases . Arch Pathol Lab Med   2007 ; 131 : 288 - 92 . 170. Fletcher   CD . Vascular tumors: an update with emphasis on the diagnosis of angiosarcoma and borderline...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... Score value >8.5 Altered reticulin staining + at least one of mitotic index, presence of necrosis, and/or vascular invasion Malignant if one or more major criteria; of uncertain malignant potential (borderline) if one or more minor criteria only Main advantages The most widely adopted...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... including pheochromocytoma ( 111 ) and adrenal cortical adenoma ( 112 ) have occasionally been reported. Secondary Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency (Addison Disease) Caused by Adrenal Metastases Acute adrenal insufficiency can result from the stress of illness superimposed on smoldering borderline...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
..., including multiple, bilateral bead-like small nodules ( 33 , 37 ). Functional imaging studies using iodine-131-6-β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) scintigraphy/PET scans help to identify the bilateral nature of the disease in ACTH-independent Cushing disease with borderline or normal CT scans ( 38...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
..., or replacement Pathologic Criteria for: First biopsy Active/acute >14 lymphocytes/mm2 (predominance of T lymphocytes) with myocyte damage/necrosis Borderline Milder inflammation with no evidence of myocyte damage (repeat biopsy may be indicated) Negative for myocarditis...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-15
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
... OF LEPROSY Features Indeterminate Tuberculoid Borderline Tuberculoid Borderline Borderline Lepromatous Lepromatous Inflammatory cells Lymphocytes Epithelioid histiocytes Lymphocytes Epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells Lymphocytes Multinucleated giant cells Lymphocytes...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 20
Published: 01 September 2024
10.55418/9781933477435-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-43-1
ISBN: 978-1-933477-43-5
..., dementia, and dermatomyositis ( 73 ). Additionally, more than half of patients had no specific underlying diagnosis, although approximately one quarter of these had either low or borderline low CD4-positive T-cell counts ( 73 ). Thus, PML needs to be a clinical and pathological diagnostic consideration...
Images
Figure 5-28
Published: 01 January 2024
BORDERLINE PHYLLODES TUMOR Figure 5-28 BORDERLINE PHYLLODES TUMOR A. Low power demonstrates a fibroepithelial lesion with moderate stromal cellularity and irregular distribution of the glands. B,C: At intermediate (B) and high (C) power, the stromal cells show moderate cytologic atypia More about this image found in BORDERLINE PHYLLODES TUMOR A. Low power demonstrates a fibroepithelial les...
Images
Figure 5-29
Published: 01 January 2024
BORDERLINE PHYLLODES TUMOR Figure 5-29 BORDERLINE PHYLLODES TUMOR The tumor border is irregular (“scalloped”) in this area, with subtle infiltration of the adjacent adipose tissue. More about this image found in BORDERLINE PHYLLODES TUMOR The tumor border is irregular (“scalloped”) in ...
Images
Figure 5-34
Published: 01 January 2024
are also seen. Liposarcomatous differentiation is no longer considered a parameter by which phyllodes tumor is categorized, although its presence usually indicates a tumor of at least borderline grade. More about this image found in MALIGNANT PHYLLODES TUMOR A: Low power demonstrates an admixture of benign...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... ; 45 : 2369 - 78 . 13. Magro   CM , Abraham   RM , Guo   R , et al . Deep penetrating nevus-like borderline tumors: a unique subset of ambiguous melanocytic tumors with malignant potential and normal cytogenetics . Eur J Dermatol   2014 ; 24 : 594 - 602 . CLINICAL FEATURES...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 18
Published: 01 January 2024
10.55418/9781933477367-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-36-9
ISBN: 978-1-933477-36-7
... and topoisomerase IIα indices a Data from references 9 – 13 and 54 . Table 5-2 HISTOLOGIC CRITERIA OF PHYLLODES TUMOR Clinical Features Benign Borderline Malignant Stromal cellularity Mild Moderate Marked Stromal cell atypia Mild Moderate Severe Mitotic rate <5/10 HPFs...
Images
Figure 22-8
Published: 15 November 2023
BORDERLINE LYMPHOCYTIC MYOCARDITIS Figure 22-8 BORDERLINE LYMPHOCYTIC MYOCARDITIS Borderline myocarditis consists of an inflammatory infiltrate without associated myocyte injury. This finding should prompt careful evaluation for active myocarditis elsewhere. More about this image found in BORDERLINE LYMPHOCYTIC MYOCARDITIS Borderline myocarditis consists of an i...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
... , Ichinose   H , Clark   WH   Jr , Mihm   MC   Jr . Common and uncommon melanocytic nevi and borderline melanomas . Semin Oncol   1975 ; 2 : 119 - 47 . 5. Reed   BW . Pseudomelanoma . Arch Dermatol   1976 ; 112 : 1611 - 2 . 6. Vilain   RE , McCarthy   SW , Scolyer   RA...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
.... The term “tumor” seems more appropriate for diagnostically challenging “borderline” lesions with ambiguous findings, for which a precise distinction between nevus and melanoma may not be possible. As there is currently insufficient data regarding the risk for progression, whenever atypical histopathologic...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-18
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
...-Synthesizing Tumors. Blue nevus-like melanoma may also be confused with a range of pigmented benign, “borderline,” or malignant melanocytic neoplasms, such as proliferative nodules, PEM, or miscellaneous tumors in the spectrum of “pigment-synthesizing melanoma” ( 22 , 23 ). The latter term refers to a group...
Book Chapter

Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 19
Published: 01 February 2024
10.55418/9781933477428-21
ISBN-10: 1-933477-42-3
ISBN: 978-1-933477-42-8
...   CM , Abraham   RM , Guo   R , et al . Deep penetrating nevus-like borderline tumors: a unique subset of ambiguous melanocytic tumors with malignant potential and normal cytogenetics . Eur J Dermatol   2014 ; 24 : 594 - 602 . 3. Hantschke   M , Mentzel   T , Kutzner   H...
Images
Figure 34-28
Published: 15 November 2023
PLEXOGENIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: GRADE 3 (BORDERLINE REVERSIBILITY) Figure 34-28 PLEXOGENIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: GRADE 3 (BORDERLINE REVERSIBILITY) Left, right: Concentric laminar intimal fibrosis (or fibroelastosis) and adventitial fibrosis. (Right: Verhoeff-van Gieson stain). More about this image found in PLEXOGENIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: GRADE 3 (BORDERLINE REVERSIBILITY) Left...