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Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA: ALTERED RETICULIN PATTERNS Figure 6-28 ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA: ALTERED RETICULIN PATTERNS Irregular reticulin pattern as highlighted by silver staining techniques, either in the form of “quantitative” changes (large nests disrupting the regular alveolar pattern More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA: ALTERED RETICULIN PATTERNS Irregular reticulin...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
BETA-CATENIN IN ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA Figure 6-34 BETA-CATENIN IN ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA Altered nuclear and cytoplasmic beta-catenin expression in ACC may be focal with a “clonal” pattern or more frequently, diffuse as in the figure. Membrane pattern is visible in peritumoral non More about this image found in BETA-CATENIN IN ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA Altered nuclear and cytoplasmic...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
SPORADIC ADRENAL CORTICAL DISEASE Figure 4-8 SPORADIC ADRENAL CORTICAL DISEASE Diffuse and pseudonodular enlargement of the adrenal gland showing a predominant lipid-rich cell component. The adrenal medulla is not altered. More about this image found in SPORADIC ADRENAL CORTICAL DISEASE Diffuse and pseudonodular enlargement of...
Images
in Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: GANGLION CELLS Figure 8-33 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: GANGLION CELLS The presence of a few scattered single neurons is a feature of some pheochromocytomas and should not alter the diagnosis; when more conspicuous, they warrant classification as a composite tumor (see fig. 8-53 ). More about this image found in PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: GANGLION CELLS The presence of a few scattered single ne...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
with an altered reticulin pattern (D), and high degree of atypia with necrosis (E) and atypical mitotic figures (inset). More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA This adrenal cortical carcinoma shows a gross n...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
with no definite tumor identifiable grossly. Focal viable tumor identified microscopically at the periphery of the mass is composed predominantly of lipid-depleted cells (B) and shows an altered reticulin pattern (C) but does not fully qualify to be diagnosed as carcinoma by either the Weiss criteria or reticulin More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA WITH WORRISOME MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES This cortical...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... within a single adrenal cortical tumor of morphologically benign and malignant components, bearing consistent molecular alterations in the two distinct tumor populations, are on record in the literature ( figs. 6-1 , 6-2 ) ( 19 ). ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA ARISING IN ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA Figure 6-1...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... Normal or presence of small cortical nodules Cortical atrophy Normal Normal Somatic molecular genetics KCNJ5 (most frequent), CACNA1D, ATP1A1, ATP2B3; rare: PRKACA, CTNNB1, CLCN2; about 50% with unknown molecular alterations PRKACA (most frequent), PRKACB...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... chromatography-mass spec trometry is the preferred assay method since it is more specific than immunoassays, which can underestimate values and may have interference from drugs. Dietary amines can increase plasma free and urinary 3-methoxytyramine but do not alter plasma or urinary free metanephrines...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-10
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... ). The genetic alterations are most often hereditary, giving rise to familial disease that can involve only PPGL formation, but usually is associated with other disorders. Some are nonhereditary disorders that cause syndromic manifestations. At least 20 genes have been implicated in familial disorders...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... features underpinning these conditions, with a critical role in the multidisciplinary team ( 1 ). CUSHING SYNDROME Cushing syndrome is a systemic disorder originally described by Harvey Cushing in 1932 ( 2 ) and caused by excess glucocorticoids that result in alterations in the structure...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of the nonhereditary McCune-Albright syndrome, a germline disorder caused by postzygotic somatic GNAS mutation mosaicism ( 1 ). Heterozygous germline mutations of the armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) gene are the most frequent molecular alterations associated with hypercortisolism caused...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
..., or assessment of donor organs for transplantation. In other situations, an underlying genetic disorder affecting hormone synthesis may alter adrenal anatomy or a functional tumor may arise in ectopic or malformed adrenal tissue. ADRENAL ADHESION, UNION, AND FUSION Adrenal adhesion and adrenal...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... be associated with cortisol hypersecretion and primary aldosteronism, or are biochemically and clinically nonfunctioning lesions. Adrenal cortical nodular diseases may be congenital or acquired. The identification of germline and sporadic alterations causing adrenal cortical nodular diseases associated...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-11
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... – 64 ). Segmental chromosomal alterations predict a worse outcome in patients without MYCN amplification and in low-stage disease, and are the most reliable indicator of relapse of NBL ( 65 , 66 ). As in other types of childhood cancer, few mutations in driver genes have been found, whether...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... of melanocytic markers in PEComas is associated with TSC2 alterations or TFE3 fusions, which are also the main drivers of tumor development, but a one to one correlation is not always present ( 45 ). Nuclear immunoreactivity for TFE3 protein and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... be altered by some congenital abnormalities, such as an extremely small size in congenital adrenal hypoplasia and a more rounded contour with ipsilateral renal agenesis. The adrenal glands in anencephalic newborns are small, with an average combined weight that can be less than 1.0 g ( 38 ). In anencephaly...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-09
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
... alter the histoarchitecture is sclerosis. In one recent study ( 75 ), some degree of sclerosis, defined by broad bands of fibrosis between tumor cells and excluding central fibrotic scars, was present in approximately 50 percent of paragangliomas and involved 60 percent or more of tumor area in 13...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS Figure 16-4 INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS The layered fibrin and associated inflammatory cells make up the valvular vegetation (A,B). A fungal Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) stain highlights scattered bacterial organisms (C), which may show altered morphologic and tinctorial More about this image found in INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS The layered fibrin and associated inflammatory cell...
Images
Published: 01 September 2024
PEDIATRIC ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC) INFECTION Figure 13-6 PEDIATRIC ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC) INFECTION A,B: Endoscopic biopsy histology shows normal/near normal colon mucosa with nonspecific histologic alterations, including mild goblet cell depletion, focal lamina More about this image found in PEDIATRIC ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC) INFECTION A,B: E...
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