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Book
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-01
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...The adrenal glands are composite endocrine organs consisting of the mesodermal-derived cortex and neural crest-derived medulla. These components interact with each other, with peripheral endocrine and nonendocrine tissues, and with the central nervous system (CNS) in order to develop normally...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-02
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Congenital adrenal gland abnormalities may manifest anatomically, hormonally, or as a combination of the two, and thus present challenges to pathologists and clinicians. A common occurrence is the need to distinguish ectopic cortical tissue from tumor in cancer staging, abdominal surgery...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-03
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Because the adrenal cortex is the site of synthesis of several hormones, adrenal cortical tumors can be associated with endocrine syndromes that vary depending on the function of the hormone(s) released. The main hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-04
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Adrenal cortical hyperplasia is a general term for a condition characterized by an increased number of cortical cells leading to an increase in size and weight of the gland. However, this term is currently considered a misnomer for almost all diseases that are defined as primary of the adrenal...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-05
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Adrenal cortical adenoma is a benign neoplasm composed of adrenal cortical steroid hormone-producing cells. EPIDEMIOLOGY Adrenal cortical adenomas are not rare, however, the calculation of their real incidence is biased by the use of the term “nodular hyperplasia” for the entity now...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-06
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant neoplasm originating from the steroidogenic epithelial cells of the adrenal cortex. EPIDEMIOLOGY ACC accounts for the majority of deaths attributable to primary adrenal neoplasia, but it is a rare disease, meeting the criteria for an “orphan...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-07
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Adrenal proliferations (including nodular diseases and tumors) can occur in the context of familial or syndromic diseases, with a wide variety of clinical presentations and molecular backgrounds ( Table 7-1 ). The main features and morphofunctional characteristics of pathologic lesions related...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-08
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...The largest paraganglion is the adrenal medulla, a sympathetic organ that secretes adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). The adrenal medulla has long been recognized to be structurally and functionally distinct from the adrenal cortex; in older literature, the development...
Book Chapter
Series: Atlases of Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathology, Series 5
Volume: 21
Published: 01 December 2024
10.55418/9781933477473-12
ISBN-10: 1-933477-47-4
ISBN: 978-1-933477-47-3
...Various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions cause enlargement of the adrenal glands. Aside from cortical and chromaffin cell tumors, the neoplasms most often encountered are primary benign or malignant tumors arising from non-endocrine cell types that reside in the normal adrenal gland...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA Figure 6-4 ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA This 19-cm adrenal lesion in the left adrenal gland has marked intratumoral heterogeneity. Upper panels: CT scan. Basal (A, >20 HU); heterogeneous uptake in the venous (B) and arterial (C) phases. Lower panels: MRI scan. T2 phase... More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA This 19-cm adrenal lesion in the left adrenal g...
Images
in Congenital Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL-HEPATIC ADHESION AND ADRENAL-RENAL UNION Figure 2-1 ADRENAL-HEPATIC ADHESION AND ADRENAL-RENAL UNION A: A thick capsule separates adrenal cortex (right) from hepatic parenchyma (left) in this example of adrenal-hepatic adhesion. B: In adrenal-renal union (or fusion), there is no interven... More about this image found in ADRENAL-HEPATIC ADHESION AND ADRENAL-RENAL UNION A: A thick capsule separa...
Images
in Congenital Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL CORTICAL NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA Figure 2-13 ADRENAL CORTICAL NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA A: A large adrenal cortical tumor present on the right is seen next to hyperplastic lipid-depleted adrenal cortex and a normal adrenal medu... More about this image found in ADRENAL CORTICAL NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA A...
Images
in Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
DORSAL AND VENTRAL SURFACES OF ADULT ADRENAL GLAND Figure 1-19 DORSAL AND VENTRAL SURFACES OF ADULT ADRENAL GLAND A: In the adult, the dorsal surface of the right adrenal gland is pyramidal, while the opposite gland is more elongated. A few cortical extrusions are present. B: Central adrenal vei... More about this image found in DORSAL AND VENTRAL SURFACES OF ADULT ADRENAL GLAND A: In the adult, the do...
Images
Published: 01 December 2024
ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIA AND ADJACENT DEVELOPING ADRENAL GLAND Figure 9-4 ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIA AND ADJACENT DEVELOPING ADRENAL GLAND A: Normal paraganglia are fully formed before the adrenal medulla exists. This adrenal gland shows only provisional cortex and a small cluster of primitive adrenal me... More about this image found in ABDOMINAL PARAGANGLIA AND ADJACENT DEVELOPING ADRENAL GLAND A: Normal para...
Images
in Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL GLANDS IN TRANSVERSE PLANE THROUGH ABDOMEN Figure 1-20 ADRENAL GLANDS IN TRANSVERSE PLANE THROUGH ABDOMEN A: The adrenal ridge (or crista) is located on the dorsal aspect (arrows) and is flanked by medial and lateral wings (or alae), creating a Y-shaped appearance. The right adrenal gland... More about this image found in ADRENAL GLANDS IN TRANSVERSE PLANE THROUGH ABDOMEN A: The adrenal ridge (o...
Images
in Other Adrenal Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA METASTATIC TO ADRENAL GLAND Figure 12-27 RENAL CELL CARCINOMA METASTATIC TO ADRENAL GLAND A: Adrenal metastasis from an ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma. The patient had undergone radical nephrectomy for a large renal cell carcinoma. Metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma is p... More about this image found in RENAL CELL CARCINOMA METASTATIC TO ADRENAL GLAND A: Adrenal metastasis fro...
Images
in Physiology, Development, and Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
GATA3 IN NORMAL ADRENAL MEDULLA Figure 1-51 GATA3 IN NORMAL ADRENAL MEDULLA GATA3 is expressed in normal and neoplastic adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia but not adrenal cortex. It is a valuable marker for diagnosis but is widely ex pressed in various tissues and must be considered in... More about this image found in GATA3 IN NORMAL ADRENAL MEDULLA GATA3 is expressed in normal and neoplasti...
Images
in Congenital Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL MYELOLIPOMA IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA Figure 2-17 ADRENAL MYELOLIPOMA IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA A: Huge, bilateral adrenal myelolipomas in an adult male with CAH. The variegated yellow and red coloration results from heterogenous admixture of hematopoietic elements and fat... More about this image found in ADRENAL MYELOLIPOMA IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA A: Huge, bilateral a...
Images
in Pheochromocytoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia
> Tumors of the Adrenal Glands and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia
Published: 01 December 2024
ADRENAL MEDULLARY HYPERPLASIA Figure 8-59 ADRENAL MEDULLARY HYPERPLASIA Adrenal glands from patients with MEN2 (A) and SDHB-related disease (B) show diffuse expansion of the medulla that is much larger than the adrenal cortex on either side. While this is considered to be diffuse hyperplasia, the... More about this image found in ADRENAL MEDULLARY HYPERPLASIA Adrenal glands from patients with MEN2 (A) a...
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